Bell Work 12/10/2014 Answer in complete sentences: What event started the Crusades? What was the result of the first Crusade? What was the result of the second and third Crusades?

EQ What types of Learning and Art developed during the Middle Ages?

1100’s Europeans began building many churches and monasteries. The wealthy supported Cathedrals. Early churches built in Roman style, heavy walls, round ceilings and thick pillars Gothic Style- Used flying buttresses. Stone arches, thinner walls and large stained glass windows.

Universities began in the middle ages. Bologna, Paris, Oxford and Cambridge. By 1500 – 80 universities. Students studied, grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry music, astronomy and public speaking. Students could earn a bachelors and masters in the arts Doctors degrees in Law, Medicine and Theology.

Anselm was the first scholastic thinker. Known for his Reasoning about the existence of God. 1100’s Greek Aristotle becomes important in Europe. Aristotle used reason rather than faith. 1200’s Thomas Aquinas wanted to find agreement between Aristotle and Christian teachings.

Latin was the language of the educated, the church and Universities. Local vernacular – English, Italian, Spanish, French. In literature authors wrote Heroic Epics.

The Catholic Church became Rich and Powerful ’s – Europeans wanted the church to return to Christian ideals.

New Religious Orders 1098 Cistercian monks – worshipped, prayed and farmed the land. Did not focus on wealth. Hildegard of Bingen, Nun and composer of music for the Catholic Church.

Friars took Christianity to the people in towns. Served as missionaries and helped the poor. 2 Orders of Friars. Franciscans and the Dominicans. Goal was to defend the Church. Lived in poverty.

On Sundays most Europeans gathered for Mass. Most important Sacrament – Holy Communion. People often prayed to the Saints.

Heresy was a serious crime against the Church Pope set-up the Inquisition. A court to question people about heresy. People had to confess and ask for forgiveness or they would be punished.

Jews were often blamed for famine, plague or economic decline. Anti-Semitisim. Jews were discriminated against and even killed. Some were forced to live in ghettos, could not own land. Many Jews moved and settled in Poland.

Exit Why did Church officials set up the Inquisition?