Matter matter- anything that has mass and takes up space.

Types of Matter 1) element- a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means. H Hydrogen PbUOAuFe OxygenIronGoldLeadUranium atom- the basic particle from which all elements are made.

2) compound- a pure substance that is made of two or more elements in a set ratio. H20H20 water CO 2 carbon dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose Fe 2 O 3 iron oxide (rust) chemical formula- shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms.

3) mixture- made of two or more substances (elements, compounds, etc.) that are not chemically combined. dirtair clay, sand, organic material nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide salad lettuce, spinach, carrots, anchovies brass copper, zinc a) heterogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances can be seen. b) homogeneous mixture- a mixture whose substances cannot be seen.

Measuring Matter weight- the gravitational pull on an object. mass- the amount of matter in an object. weight can change with location, but mass remains the same. mass = 50 kg weight = 490 N mass = 50 kg weight = 0 N

volume- the amount of space matter takes up. can be measured in cm 3 or mL density- the measurement of how much mass of a substance is contained in a given volume. Density = mass volume D = m V measured in grams/cubic centimeter(gm/cm 3 ) or grams/milliliter (gm/mL)

Properties of Matter 1) physical properties- characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance. melting point boiling point density conductivity color taste smell hardness lustertexture

2) chemical properties- characteristics of a substance that describe its ability to change into different substances. Properties of Matter ability to burnrustingtarnishing reacting with acids or bases

Changes in Matter 1) physical changes- a change that alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing it into another substance. melting freezing boiling evaporating

2) chemical changes- occurs when bonds break between atoms and form new substances. Changes in Matter synthesisdecomposition burningoxidation chemical changes occur as a result of a chemical reaction!

Law of Conservation of Mass states that: the total mass during a chemical or physical change remains constant or mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change.

Energy & Changes in Matter energy- the ability to do work or cause change. thermal energy- the total energy of all the particles in an object.

temperature- the measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance.

High temperature Low temperature

Types of Chemical Changes endothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed; feels cold. exothermic reaction- a chemical reaction in which energy is released; feels hot.

Types of Energy 1) kinetic energy- the energy of matter in motion. 2) potential energy- the energy of an object’s position; the stored energy of an object

3) Chemical energy- a form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms.

4) Electromagnetic energy- a form of energy that travels through space as waves.

5) electrical energy- the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another.