Foundation year WEEK TWO Lecturer: Ola Ahmed Refaat Academic year 2015 / English Language English Language Reading - ENGL 101

Points to be covered this week: Points to be covered this week: o Story “The Man with the Gloves” (p ) o Parts of Speech. (Ex p ) o Guessing meaning from context. (Ex. 1 p Ex. 3 p. 90) o Story “The Man with the Gloves” (p ) o Parts of Speech. (Ex p ) o Guessing meaning from context. (Ex. 1 p Ex. 3 p. 90) 2

Parts of Speech:  Parts of Speech” are the basic types of words that English has.  It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English, so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place.  There are 9 Parts of Speech:  Parts of Speech” are the basic types of words that English has.  It is important to be able to recognize and identify the different types of words in English, so that you can understand grammar explanations and use the right word form in the right place.  There are 9 Parts of Speech: 3 Noun – Verb – Adjective – Adverb – Pronoun – Conjunction – Preposition – Interjection – Article

1. Noun:  A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. e.g.: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival. 2. Verb:  A verb is a word that describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). e.g.: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want. 1. Noun:  A noun is a naming word. It names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or action. e.g.: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival. 2. Verb:  A verb is a word that describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something). e.g.: walk, talk, think, believe, live, like, want. 4

3. Pronoun:  A pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repeating the noun. e.g.: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. 4. Adjective:  An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. It answers these questions: Which? What kind of? How many? e.g.: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important. 3. Pronoun:  A pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repeating the noun. e.g.: I, you, he, she, it, we, they. 4. Adjective:  An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you something about the noun. It answers these questions: Which? What kind of? How many? e.g.: big, yellow, thin, amazing, beautiful, quick, important. 5

5. Adverb:  An adverb is a word that usually describes a verb. It tells you How something is done. It may also tell you When or Where something happened. e.g.: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere. 6. Conjunction:  A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together. e.g.: but, so, and, because, or. 5. Adverb:  An adverb is a word that usually describes a verb. It tells you How something is done. It may also tell you When or Where something happened. e.g.: slowly, intelligently, well, yesterday, tomorrow, here, everywhere. 6. Conjunction:  A conjunction joins two words, phrases or sentences together. e.g.: but, so, and, because, or. 6

7. Preposition:  A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. e.g.: on, in, by, with, under, through, at. 8. Article:  An article is used to introduce a noun. [The, an, a] are the article that we have in English language. 7. Preposition:  A preposition usually comes before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase. It joins the noun to some other part of the sentence. e.g.: on, in, by, with, under, through, at. 8. Article:  An article is used to introduce a noun. [The, an, a] are the article that we have in English language. 7

9. Interjection:  An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Also, they don’t have any grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. e.g.: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurry!, Oh no! 9. Interjection:  An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks. Also, they don’t have any grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence. e.g.: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurry!, Oh no! 8

State what part of speech is each underlined word: State what part of speech is each underlined word: -On 20 July 1969, Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. Six manned US missions successfully landed on the Moon between 1969 and There were also numerous unmanned landings. - Well, sharks quickly diversified into over 470 species. The earliest known one dates from more than 420 million years ago. They range considerably in size and form from the small dwarf lantern shark, a deep-sea species of only inches in length, to the whale shark, the largest fish in the world. -On 20 July 1969, Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. Six manned US missions successfully landed on the Moon between 1969 and There were also numerous unmanned landings. - Well, sharks quickly diversified into over 470 species. The earliest known one dates from more than 420 million years ago. They range considerably in size and form from the small dwarf lantern shark, a deep-sea species of only inches in length, to the whale shark, the largest fish in the world. 9

Guessing meaning from context: Guessing meaning from context:  The ability to infer (guess) the meaning of an unknown word by looking at the vocabulary around it or its context is an important reading skill.  Context clues (keys) are words or phrases in the sentence or paragraph that help the reader to figure out (understand) the meaning of the unknown word. There are 4 types of clues you could use to support your reading comprehension.  The ability to infer (guess) the meaning of an unknown word by looking at the vocabulary around it or its context is an important reading skill.  Context clues (keys) are words or phrases in the sentence or paragraph that help the reader to figure out (understand) the meaning of the unknown word. There are 4 types of clues you could use to support your reading comprehension. 10

1. Synonyms and Definitions: A synonym is a word or phrase that means the same or is very similar to another word. Definitions state or describe the meaning of a word. These two context clues can be used to discover the meaning of an unknown word. 2. Examples: Examples can inform the reader about unknown words. They can illustrate the meaning of the word that they refer to. 1. Synonyms and Definitions: A synonym is a word or phrase that means the same or is very similar to another word. Definitions state or describe the meaning of a word. These two context clues can be used to discover the meaning of an unknown word. 2. Examples: Examples can inform the reader about unknown words. They can illustrate the meaning of the word that they refer to. 11

3. Antonyms and contrast: Antonyms are words that mean the opposite of other words. Antonyms can refer to the opposed idea of an unknown word in the sentence or paragraph. 4. General Knowledge: Sometimes it is necessary to rely on your own experience and background knowledge to figure out the meaning of a word. Read all the words surrounding the unknown term to help you draw conclusions based on the complimentary (additional) information found in the text. 3. Antonyms and contrast: Antonyms are words that mean the opposite of other words. Antonyms can refer to the opposed idea of an unknown word in the sentence or paragraph. 4. General Knowledge: Sometimes it is necessary to rely on your own experience and background knowledge to figure out the meaning of a word. Read all the words surrounding the unknown term to help you draw conclusions based on the complimentary (additional) information found in the text. 12

Assignment: Assignment: Parts of Speech (Ex. 7 p. 68) Guessing meaning from context (Ex. 2 p. 89) Parts of Speech (Ex. 7 p. 68) Guessing meaning from context (Ex. 2 p. 89) 13

References: References: 1.Basic Reading Power 1 [Third Edition]. 2.Some internet sites, such as ISL collective.com, K12 Reader (Reading Instruction Resources), Cambridge University Press, and English For Everyone.org. 1.Basic Reading Power 1 [Third Edition]. 2.Some internet sites, such as ISL collective.com, K12 Reader (Reading Instruction Resources), Cambridge University Press, and English For Everyone.org. 14

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