World War I 1914 – 1918 The Great War

M.A.I.N. Causes Militarism – Glorification and buildup of the military; Germany Alliances – Agreements to aid another country Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente – France, Britain, Russia Imperialism – Stronger country controls another country; particularly Africa and Asia Nationalism – Intense patriotism in one’s country; feelings of superiority; minorities seek independence from imperialistic nations

The Great War Germany – Kaiser Wilhelm Balkans (Greek peninsula) – “powder keg” of Europe; controlled by Austria-Hungary Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated June, 1914 Alliances all joined in – WAR! Schlieffen Plan – Germany went through neutral Belgium to get to France Stopped – settled into the Western Front Trench Warfare

War cont. New weapons – machine guns, tanks, airplanes, zeppelins, poison gas, flamethrowers, submarines (U-Boats)etc. Germany conducts “unrestricted submarine warfare” Attacks merchant vessels Sink Lusitania (128 Americans died) Zimmerman note – Germany promises SW territory to Mexico if they fight U.S. U.S. declares war April, 1917

War cont. U.S. turns tide of battle – fresh troops, breaks stalemate, “doughboys” Total War – all resources used: military, economic, factories; civilians involved Rationing, propaganda, women in factories Armistice – 11/11/18 – stops fighting Over 8 million dead; 20 million civilians

War cont. Treaty of Versailles Wilson’s 14 points 14 th point – League of Nations U.S. didn’t sign treaty or join League Germany punished War guilt $56 billion in reparations (payments) De-militarized Left them bitter and wanting revenge ENTER: Adolph Hitler

Russian Revolution Romanov Dynasty ruled 300 years Absolute monarchs; Russia agricultural, poor peasants Nicholas and Alexandra Alexandra influenced by monk Rasputin Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto Lenin leads Bolshevik (Commmunist) revolution 1917

Russian Revolution Overthrows czar; murders family Withdraws Russia from war 1918 Treaty of Breast Litovsk (agreement w/Germany) Soviets – worker councils Communist Party – USSR Joseph Stalin follows Lenin Harsh dictator 5 year plans for industrialization, collectivization of farms; forced labor Terror, imprisonment