1. WWI Review

2. WWI 1914-1918 Allied Powers – Great Britain, France, Russia, US (Italy) Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, (Italy)

3. Mobilization – readying troops and supplies for war Conscription – military draft Propaganda – ideas spread to influence public opinion

4. Total war – complete mobilization of resources and people Duma – legislature in Russia Mandate – area governed by another country

5. Reparations – payment to cover war costs Gavrilo Princip – man who shot AFF Leon Trotsky – Red Army Commissar Bolsheviks – small faction of the Russian Social Democrat Party

6. George Clemenceau – French leader Communists – new name for Bolsheviks Grigori Rasputin – influenced Alexandra’s decisions Czar Nicholas II – Russian emperor

7. Lusitania – ship that sank and caused the US to enter the war Militarism – aggressive preparation for war Trench warfare – lines of ditches Zepplin – huge German airship (blimp)

8. Provisional government – temporary government War of attrition – warfare based on wearing down opponents War communism – temporary suspension of Communist practices Armistice – truce agreement (stop fighting)

9. Planned economies – systems directed by government agencies in order to mobilize resources for war Self-determination – the right for people to have their own nation Soviets – representative council of workers and soldiers

10. David Lloyd George – British prime minister Erich von Ludendorff – German military general Archduke Francis Ferdinand – his death started WWI Woodrow Wilson – US president

11. Vladimir Lenin – Bolshevik leader League of Nations – organization that Woodrow Wilson proposed to keep peace among nations. Ultimatum – “do this or else”

12. Who was in the Triple Alliance? Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire (Italy) (Central Powers)

13. Who was in the Triple Entente? France Great Britain Russia (Allies)

14. Name three causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Nationalism Internal Dissent Assassination

15. Austria Hungary feared that Serbia would create a large Slavic state. In 1914, mobilization was considered an act of war. The Schlieffen Plan called for a war on 2 fronts.

16. Why did women go to work during WWI? Because men were away fighting Propaganda was used by democratic states to maintain support for the war.

17. Three ways air warfare was used in WWI To spot enemy positions To attack ground targets To shoot down enemy aircraft

18. What issue caused the US to enter the war? Unrestricted submarine warfare (Lusitania)

19. Russia was unprepared for war in what 3 ways? They had no good military leaders Poorly armed military Weak weapon industry

20. Women workers organized a general strike in Petrograd. What fatal mistake did Kerensky’s provisional government make? To continue Russian involvement in the war.

21. What was Woodrow Wilson’s main desire at the Paris Peace Conference? To create a League of Nations (to maintain international peace)

22. What promise to the Arabs did the Allies make prior to war? That they would give them independent states (or nations)

23. What was Germany forced to do according to the Treaty of Versailles? Return Alsace & Lorraine to France Pay the Allies for war damages Give up land to make a new Polish state

24. The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Big 3 as a peace settlement with Germany

25. What kind of government did Germany form after William II fled the country in 1918? Democratic republic

26. Who were the Black Hand? Terrorist group that plotted the assassination of AFF

27. Describe the war on the western front. Trench warfare that kept both sides in the same positions for 4 years.

28. Who was in the Central Powers? Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire

29. What type of people were represented by the soviets? Workers and Soldiers

30. What did the Cheka do? They created Red Terror (to destroy all those that opposed the new regime)

31. What was the reason France wanted to be part of the Peace Conference? National security

32. Name the battle that halted Germany’s advance on Paris (within 50 miles) 2 nd Battle of the Marne

33. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks? Vladimir Lenin

34. Who was the spokesperson for a new world order (based on democracy and international cooperation) at the Paris Peace Conference? Woodrow Wilson

35. Why was Germany unhappy with article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles? It declared that Germany and Austria were responsible for starting the war.

36. Describe the Schlieffen Plan Germany’s plan for a 2 front war with Russia and France. They would invade France first by quickly moving through Belgium (neutral)

37. Explain the impact of WWI on the role of women WWI created new roles for women. Women took jobs unavailable to them prior to war. In many countries women gained the right to vote after the war.

38. Describe the impact of trench warfare on the Western Front. Baffled military leaders who had been trained to fight wars of movement. The only plan that generals came up with was to charge in no man’s land. These attacks rarely worked because of the enemy machine guns (no advance = stalemate)

39. Explain Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points for the peace settlement after WWI. Proposals included reaching peace agreement openly rather than in secret. Reducing military forces Ensuring self-determination (right to their own country) Creating a League of Nations.