Lab Activity 8 Axial Skeleton Martini Chapter 7

Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone

Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior

Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs

Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior

Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum”

Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra

BODY VERTEBRAL ARCH PEDICLE LAMINA TRANSVERSE PROCESS SPINOUS PROCESS VERTEBRAL FORAMEN vertebrae

SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS VERTEBRAL NOTCH

Intervertebral Foraminae VERTEBRAL NOTCH COMBINED WITH LOWER VERTEBRA MAKES AN INTERVERTEBRAL FORAMEN NERVE ROOT EXITS HERE

Intervertebral Disk annulus fibrosus fibrocartilage nucleus pulposis gel-like center

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) BODY VERTEBRAL FORAMEN BIFID SPINOUS PROCESS

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) TRANSVERSE PROCESSES TRANSVERSE FORAMEN

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS

Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) VERTEBRAL ARCH

Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACET

Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis ODONTOID PROCESS (DENS)

Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together PEG OF THE DENS ATTACHES TO THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE C1 VERTEBRA

Thoracic Vertebrae DOWNWARD-SLOPING, THIN SPINOUS PROCESS COSTAL FACETS RIB ATTACHMENTS

Lumbar Vertebrae THICK, STURDY BODY THICK PROCESSES

Sacrum 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE SACRAL PROMONTORY SACRAL FORAMINA

Sacroiliac Joints CONNECTION BETWEEN THE SACRUM AND THE HIP BONES

Coccyx 4 RUDIMENTARY VERTEBRAE

Hyoid Bone GREATER HORN LESSER HORN BODY

Sternum MANUBRIUM BODY STERNAL ANGLE XYPHOID PROCESS OSSIFIES AT AGE 40

Ribs 1-7: True Ribs TRUE RIBS CONNECT DIRECTLY TO THE STERNUM

Ribs 8-10: False Ribs FALSE RIBS CONNECT INTO A COMMON COSTAL CARTILAGE

Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs NO CONNECTION TO THE STERNUM

Ribs

Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

Costovertebral Angle

Frontal Bone SUPRAORBITAL RIDGE

Frontal Bone FRONTAL SINUS

Parietal Bone

Temporal Bone

MASTOID PROCESS ZYGOMATIC ARCH MANDIBULAR FOSSA EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS STYLOID PROCESS

Temporal Bone JUGULAR FORAMEN CAROTID CANAL

Occipital Bone

External occipital protuberance OCCIPITAL CONDYLES FORAMEN MAGNUM

Sphenoid Bone LESSER WING GREATER WING PTERYGOID PROCESS MEDIAL PTERYGOID PLATE LATERAL PTERYGOID PLATE

Sphenoid Bone SPHENOID SINUS PTERYGOID PROCESS

Sphenoid Bone LESSER WING GREATER WING SELLA TURCICA HYPOPHYSEAL FOSSA DORSUM SELLAE

Ethmoid Bone CRISTA GALLI PERPENDICULAR PLATE CRIBRIFORM PLATE

Ethmoid Bone PERPENDICULAR PLATE MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE

Ethmoid Bone CRIBRIFORM PLATE PERPENDICULAR PLATE CRISTAE GALLI

Cranium Floor ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA

Sagittal Suture BETWEEN THE RIGHT AND LEFT PARIETAL BONES

Coronal Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE FRONTAL BONE

Squamous Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONE AND THE TEMPORAL BONE

Lambdoid Suture BETWEEN THE PARIETAL BONES AND THE OCCIPITAL BONE

Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. PRESENT IN VARYING AMOUNTS

Fetal Skull

Fetal Skull Superior View

Maxilla HARD PALATE

Mandible RAMUS MANDIBULAR CONDYLE CORONOID PROCESS ANGLE BODY MENTAL FORAMEN ALVEOLAR PROCESS

Mandible MYLOHYOID LINE MANDIBULAR FORAMEN

PALATINE BONE VOMER

PALATINE BONE VOMER

Zygomatic Bone TEMPORAL PROCESS ZYGOMATIC ARCH

Facial Bones NASAL LACRIMAL

Facial Bones PERPENDICULAR PLATE (ETHMOID) MIDDLE NASAL CONCHAE (ETHMOID) INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE VOMER

Orbit

Sinuses FRONTAL ETHMOID MAXILLARY SPHENOID