The Colonies Develop New England: Commerce & Religion Southern Colonies: Plantations & Slavery Middle Colonies: Farms & Cities The Backcountry

Original Colonies

New England: Commerce & Religion Subsistence farming –Just enough food for themselves Congregation –Communities built around the Common –Land divided among members Economy based upon the sea –Whaling –Fishing for cod, herring, halibut, mackerel

Economy –Mercantilism Belief that the colonies existed to benefit the mother country –Supply England with raw materials –Buy finished goods from England Navigation acts (1651) –Colonists could sell certain goods only to England »Tobacco, wood, sugar –Colonists could use only English ships –European imports passed though English ports only –High taxes on goods not shipped to England Triangular trade –Rum & iron shipped & sold to Africa –Slaves & gold bought & shipped to West Indies –Sugar & molasses bought & shipped to New England

Triangular Trade

New England King Philip’s War –War between Puritans & Wampanoag tribe Joined by other tribes –Metacom –40 villages (including Plymouth & Providence) attacked & 12 towns destroyed –Ended in1676 Puritan life –Business becomes more important than religion to many –New religious groups arrive –New royal charter grants religious freedom for all

New England –Salem witch trials Several accused Over 100 tried & 19 put to death Governors wife accused & trials end –Legacy Work ethic High regard for education Representative government –Opposition to royal power Voting as a community

Southern Colonies: Plantations & Slavery Tidewater –Close to coast & rivers to allow shipping Cash crops –Rice & Tobacco Planter class –Owners of plantations –Elite families –Small in number, but held the South’s power Bacon’s Rebellion –Nathaniel Bacon vs. Virginia Governor William Berkeley –Felt governor favored planters over farmers –Bacon burned Jamestown & took control of House of Burgesses 23 men hanged House of Burgesses passed laws to limit governors power

Southern Colonies: Plantations & Slavery Search for cheap labor –Indentured white servants left –Planters turn to slavery Slave life –Overseers controlled 20 to 25 slaves –15 hour work days Expansion of Plantations –Indigo Produced a rich blue dye Eliza Lucas Stono Rebellion (1739) –20 slaves rebelled near Charleston –Led to Slave codes Economy –Wealth was in the hands of the few –Size of the farm or plantation depended upon location

Middle Colonies: Farms & Cities Quakers –William Penn (Pennsylvania) –Climate of Tolerance Dutch & German farmers –Philadelphia (fasting growing city) New York –Slaves & free blacks –Artisans (skilled craftspeople) –Quakers condemn slavery Diverse population –Germans Conestoga wagons Long rifle

Middle Colonies: Farms & Cities Diversity leads to tolerance –No set religion –Movement to abolish slavery –Model for the nation Growth of cities –New York –Philadelphia

The Backcountry Appalachian Mountains –Natural western boundary –Fall line –Piedmont Scots-Irish –Presbyterians Back to the Bible Many churches develop –Clans (family units) –Music Bluegrass & country Regionalism –Population doubles & re-doubles between 1700 – 1750 Contact brings conflict –Land taken from American Indians