Morphology (Review exercises) LI 2013 Nathalie F. Martin

What you should know: Derivation: Def: Morphology Morphemes: Free, bound morphemes Analysing Word Structure Root, affix Base Affix: prefix, suffix, infixes, circumfix Derivation: English derivational affixes Constraints in derivation Trees MORPHOLOGY (chap. 4, Rowe & Levine)

MORPHOLOGY (continued) What you should know: Inflection: Inflection in English Inflection vs. Derivation Compounding: Properties of compounds  Other Morphological Phenomenon: Processes: Compounding, Conversion, Clipping, Blending, Back-formation, Acronyms, Onomatopoeia, Eponyms & Trade names, Derivation, Other word formation processes, Foreign word borrowing MORPHOLOGY (continued) (chap. 4, Rowe & Levine)

TABLE OF CONTENT Morphemes Lexical Categories Compound Words Affixation and Trees Bound Morphemes: Inflectional or Derivational? Word Formation Process Overall Review

Words: simple or complex? Morphemes: Free or bound?

Simple or Complex Words/Bound Morphems Are these words simple or complex? Circle the bound morphemes. Anyways  Complex -s Forget Simple no bm Undo  Complex, un- Tonight Complex, no bm Spleeny Complex, -y Anyways Forget Undo Tonight Spleeny O’Grady, 2009

Free & Bound Morphemes Discredit  dis (b) + credit (f) Discredit Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes. Label each as bound (b) or free (f) Discredit  dis (b) + credit (f) Using  Use (f) + ing (b) Tricycle  Tri (b) + cycle Delight Delight (f) Justify  Just (f) + ify (b) Discredit Using Tricycle Delight Justify

Free & Bound Morphemes Television Informatory Farming Reformation Ranch Put a plus (+) sign between morphemes. Label each as bound (b) or free (f) Tele (b) + vision (f) In (b) + form (f) + atory (b) Farm (f) + ing (b) Re (b) + form (f) + ation (b) Ranch (f)

Lexical Categories

Exercise: Word class Establishment a to lovely inconvenience adversely Determine the word class of each of the following words. Is it a content word of a function word? Establishment a to lovely inconvenience adversely submit or from Noun Determiner Preposition Adjective Adverb Verb Conjunction

Compound Words

REVIEW Makeover Ladybug Workbook Downcast Firefly *Downtrodden Determine the lexical category of these compound word. Makeover Ladybug Workbook Downcast Firefly *Downtrodden VERB ADV = N NOUN NOUN = N VERB NOUN = N ADV VERB = Adj NOUN NOUN = N ADV V = Adj

Affixation and Trees

Analyzing Word Structure Underline the root. Circle the affix. Payment Preplan Spiteful Optionality Suite Prettier Fastest Mistreat Deform Premature Disobey And draw their tree structure.

Word Structure – Morphological Trees Draw the trees. a) b) Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

Word Structure – Morphological Trees Draw the tres. c) Reference: O’Grady & al. (2009)

Word Structure – Morphological Trees Draw their tree structure. Label the root, the base and the affix d) Dissatisfied Adj Adj Af V Af Dis satisfi ed

Word Structure – Morphological Trees Draw their tree structure. Label the root, the base and the affix d) Activation Unhappyness Unhealthy Root Base Base Base

Bound Morphemes: Inflectional or Derivational?

Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational? impermeable plagiarized plagiarize Cats despair fragility slowest Derivational prefix Inflectional suffix Derivational suffix

Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational? premade undo whiten beaten oxen slower teacher Derivational prefix Derivational suffix Inflectional suffix

Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational? Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme Label each BM as derivational (D) on inflectional (I). Bill’s Running Player Action Roughest Comes Friendly BILL + ‘S (I) RUN + ING (I) PLAY + ER (D) * ACT + ION (D) ROUGH + EST (I) COME + S (I) FRIEND + LY (D) Rowe & Levine, 2012

Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational? Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I). Unfriendly Longer Loveable Judgment Banana Slowest Quicker UN (D) + FRIEND + LY (D) LONG + ER (I) LOVE + ABLE (D) JUDGE + MENT (D) BANANA SLOW + EST (I) QUICK + ER (I) Rowe & Levine, 2012

Looking at the AFFIX: Inflectional or Derivational? Place a plus (+) sign between each morpheme Label each as derivational (D) on inflectional (I). Unhappy Semicircle Nobody Aaron’s Broken (adj) Broken (v) Happily UN (D) + HAPPY SEMI (D) + CIRCLE NO + BODY AARON + ‘S (I) BROKE + EN (D) * BROKE + EN (I) * HAPPY + LY (D) Rowe & Levine, 2012

Word Formation Process How to new Words are created

New Word Formation Process Name all ten word formation processes seen in class: Derivation Compounding Conversion Clipping Blending Back-formation Acronyms Onomatopoeia Eponyms & Trade names Foreign word borrowing

Blending SUFFIXOCATING !!! What was the word process used for the word « suffixocating » Blending

Complete the process and Identify the type of word formation: 1. Return on Investment  2. information, entertainment  3. modulator, demodulator  4. love, seat  5. International, police  6. A comb  7. delicatessen  8. Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott  ROI  Infotainment  Modem  Loveseat  Interpol  To comb  Deli  Boycott  acronym blends compounding conversion clipping eponym

Homework - Ex 19, p. 144 Automation  automate Humid  humidifier Information, entertainment   infotainment Loveseat  loveseat Progress  progress Typographical error  typo Aerobics, marathon  aerobathon Act  deactivate Curve, ball  curve ball Backformation Derivation Blending Compounding Conversion Clipping O’Grady, 2009

Homework - Ex 19, p. 144 Clipping Perambulator  pram Conversion Blend Acronym Initialism Perambulator  pram (the) comb  comb (your hair) Beef, buffalo  beefalo Random access memory  RAM Megabyte  meg Teleprinter, exchanger  telex Influenza  flu GST  Goods and Services Tax Initialism: An abreviation created by pronouncing a series of letters (e.g. PEI or USA) as letters rather than a word. Acronym: A word that is formes by taking the intial letters of some or all the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word (e.g. NATO for North Atlantic Treaty Organization) O’Grady, 2009

Let’s invent words! Invent words that don’t already exist in English, and then define the process that was used to creat this word.

Overall Review

Morphology Invent a word using this root : VACUUM by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are no constrains to the combination). And then adding a suffix. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have just created. What are the lexical categories of these words?

Morphology Invent a word using this root : WORSHIP by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are no constrains to the combination). And then adding a suffix. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that you have just created. What are the lexical categories of these words?