Introduction What is Demography ? Importance to Study it

Population-1,205,073, years: 29.3% years: 18.2% years: 40.2% years: 6.8% 65 years and over: 5.6%

Life Expectancy V/S Life Span

Look-Out Year Life expectancy at birth YearsMale Female Persons

Reason For The Increase

Its “IMPACT”

Gender equality is more than a goal in itself. It is a precondition for meeting the challenges of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.

As per 2011 census, the number of states and union territories below National average has remained constant over 2001 and 2011 census in spite of an improvement in overall sex ratio. It is an important social indicator to measure the extent of prevailing equity between males and females in a society at a given point of time. According to experts sex differential in mortality, sex selective outmigration, skewed sex ratio at birth are the major contributory factors that influence changes in sex ratio. In India, sex ratio is skewed in favor of males and has continued to rise and expand in various forms.

Declining gender composition is emerging as a serious threat to the socio-economic, cultural and ethical structures and values of Indian society.

Bottom five Districts by Overall Gender Ratio in India (2011) Top five Districts by Overall Gender Ratio in India (2011)

India State wise Sex Ratio 2012 It is interesting to observe that majority of states, Union Territories and districts have improved overall sex ratio during 2011 but the number of states and UTs below national average (940) has remained constant in 2011 Census.

Density of population is expressed in terms of total number of persons per sq. Km.

Unemployment Unemployment refers to the situation where the Persons who are able to Work & Willing to Work, Fail to Secure Work or Activity which gives them Income or Means of Livelihood. 38

Measurement of Unemployment Usual Principal Status Basis(UPS) Current Weekly Status Basis (CWS) Current Daily Status Basis (CDS) Estimates the number of Persons who may be said to be Chronically Unemployed. According to this, a Person is said to be unemployed for the week even if he is employed only for a day during that week. Any person who works for one hour or more during the day is considered to be employed for a half day. As such, CDS is aggregate of all unemployment days of all persons. 51

Extent of Unemployment In India UPSCWSCDS

Labor Growth Vs. GDP Annual GDP growth rate 5 % growth. (conservative approach) Annual Unemployment rate is 6-7% There is more unemployment of approx. 1-2% This range is feasible as per the labor bureau & national statistical institute.

POPULATION India’s population ranks 2 nd in the world after China. Population has rose from 361 million in 1951 to 1210 million in Currently the population is 1220 million.

Population of Major States of India- 2011

Causes of Rapid Growth in Population High birth rate Relatively lower death rate Effect of Population Growth Food supply. Problem of unemployment. Growth of national income. Ecological degradation

Measures to solve population problem. Spread of education. Reduction in infant mortality. Family planning. Urbanization. Introducing incentives for people with small families.

BIRTH RATE Birth rate has declined from in 1951 to in Causes of High Birth Rate Illiteracy & Ignorance. Limited spread of Family Planning. Early marriage of women. Slow process of urbanization. High incidence of poverty.

DEATH RATE Death rate has declined from 22.8 in 1951 to 7.48 in 2011 Causes of Decline in Death Rate Improved medical facilities. Spread of maternity homes Improved standard of living, hygiene, sanitation etc.

Literacy Ratio Literacy is higher among Urban Population than Rural Population. Literacy Rates are different among the States. Kerala has the highest Literacy Rate of 90% followed by Goa with 82%, 77% in Maharashtra & Himachal Pradesh, 73% in Tamil Nadu, etc. 16

Literacy Ratio Census YearLiterateMalesFemales Persons Unemployment

Estimated and projected trends in TFR and e0 India,

Graph trends

Projected

GDP OUTLOOK

Managerial Analysis

The working population of our country i.e years is 65%. These population is to come in market in another years. This is going to drive the consumption of all capital goods, FMCG products, clothing & fashion accessories.

The surplus of GDP over population is 5-6%. As per the present data, the GDP numbers are strong.