2. Health Indicators Mortality indicators Morbidity indicators
Disability rates
Nutritional status indicators
Health care delivery indicators
utilization rates
Indicators of social and mental health
Environmental indicators
Socio-economic indicators
Health policy Indicators
Indicators of quality of life
other indictors

3. Utilization rates
Proportion of infants who are “fully Immunized” against the 7 EPI diseases.
Proportion of pregnant women who receive antenatal care, or have their deliveries supervised by a trained birth attendant.
Percentage of the population using various methods of family planning.
Bed-occupancy rate (i.e., average daily in-patient /average number of beds).
Average length of stay (i.e., days of care rendered / discharges).
Bed turn-over ratio (i.e., discharges/average beds).

4. Socio-economic indicators
Rate of population increase
Per capita GNP
Level of unemployment
Dependency ratio
Literacy rates, especially female literacy rate
Family size.
Housing: the number of persons per room
Per capita “calorie” availability
Working conditions
Income distribution

7. SOCIAL INDICATORS 1.POPULATION 2.FAMILY FORMATION & HOUSEHOLD
3.EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
4.EARNING ACTIVITIES
5.SOCIAL SECURITY & FAMILY WELFARE
6.HEALTH SERVICES
7.NUTRITION 8.INCOME DISTRIBUTION
9.ENVIRONMENT 10. PUBLIC ORDER & SAFETY
11.TIME USE AND LEISURE, RECREATION
12.SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND MOBILITY

8. Health Policy Indicators
Political commitment to health for all
Resource allocation, GNP spent
Degree of equity distribution of health services.
Community Involvement
Organization frame work
Managerial Process.

9. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Improve Maternal Health & reduce child Mortality
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

10. Comparison of Kerala and all-India Health Statistics
Death rate/1000(2002)
6.4
8.1
Rural birth rate(2002)
16.8
25.0
Infant mortality rate (2002) 10 64
Annual growth rate, per cent (2001)
0.9
1.93
Life expectancy at birth (Projection)
Male
Female
66.5
71.7 75
61.5
64.1
65.4
Literacy rate, percent(2001)
90.92
65.38
Female literacy rate (2001)
87.86
54.16
Mean age at marriage females (1999)
22.1
19.5
Per capita income (2000-1) Rs Rs
Doctor-population ratio (1991)
1: 7213
1:2148

11. Health Care
“Multitude of services rendered to individuals, families or communities by the agents of the health services or professions, for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring or restoring health.”

12. Characteristics of Health Care
1. Appropriateness
2. Comprehensiveness
3. Adequacy 4. Availability
5. Accessibility 6.Affordability
7. Feasibility

15. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
“Primary Health care is essential health care based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that that a country and community can afford to maintain in every stage of development in the sirit of self-reliance and self-reliance and self-determination:

16. COMPONENTS OR ELEMENTS
Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of controlling and preventing them.
Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.
An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation.
Maternal and child health care including family planning.
Immunization against major infectious diseases.
Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases.
Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries.
Provision of essential drugs.

17. Key Concepts of Primary Health Care
EQUITY: Equity means everyone is entitled to receive care and that care should be according to need.
EFFECTIVENESS: Each primary health care activity should have a favorable effect be according to need.
EFFICIENCY: Primary health care programs should be low-cost and affordable.

18. Health related Millennium Development Goals and indicators
Goal:1/1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal : 2/4 Reduce child mortality
Goal : 3/5 Improve maternal health
Goal : 4/6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal : 5/7 Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal: 6/8 Develop a global partnership for development

19. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDICATORS
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Reduce Child Mortality
Improve Maternal Health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

20. Health System Medical Care
The “health system” is intended to
deliver health services
Medical Care
“Medical Care refers chiefly to those personal services that are provided directly by a physician or rendered as a result of the physician’s instructions”

21. Levels of Health Care Primary health care Secondary Health Care
Tertiary Health Care