Photosynthesis

In Pg. 58 What is Photosynthesis? What do you remember from middle school? Extra Credit if you know the photosynthetic equation (25 pts) No you do not have to write this as I guess you are wondering.

Pg. 58 Do it now How many parts of the cell can you remember?

Title Page 1. Write the topic for the unit in the middle of the paper and box it in. 2. Divide the paper into 3 equal sections. 3. Put a subtopic/key word in each section. 4. Add an appropriate picture to each section(no stick figures). 5. Each section must have 3 different colors(black and white don’t count). Don’t use the same 3 colors for 2 different sections. Unit 4: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration 59 Use page 186 and draw and label both the plant and animal cell parts. Use page 229 and draw and label the Calvin Cycle Use page 233 and draw and label the Citric acid cycle.

Do it again Pg. 58 Can you figure out any differences between plant and animal cells?

Out Pg. 58 Why do you think plant cells have to remain rigid? Have a great weekend!

IN pg.60 Why is the mitochondria called the power house of the cell?

Do it now Pg. 60 E.12.B.1 What do the ribosomes do?

Notes Pg.61 Cells Must Be Cornell Style!

Cells Structure & Function

What is the Cell Theory? All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things All cells come from preexisting cells.

Who were the Pioneers of Cell Biology? Anton van Leewenhoek 1600’s Dutch Biologist. First person to invent and use a microscope. Examined and drew small organisms in pond water.

Who was Robert Hooke? English scientist Looked at plant cells Used Leewenhoek’s mircoscope. Coined the term “cell”

The Following Slides are just of cells. If you would like to sketch quickly you can. You don’t have to write anything just pay attention. Some of the slides may be very similar it is O.K. don’t worry. I did it on purpose.

What is Cell Structure? 3 Basic structures of both animals and plant cells. – Cell Membrane – Nucleus – Cytoplasm

What is the Cell Membrane? Function: Separates cells from surroundings. Regulate what enters and leaves the cell. Serves as a protective barrier. Semi-permeable membrane.

Cell Membrane a closer look

What is the Cell Wall? Found in plant cells not animal cells. Helps to maintain rigid structure in plants 3 types of cells in plants dictated by cell wall thickness – Parenchyma, Colenchyma, Sclarenchyma

Cell Walls a closer look

Cell Wall

What is the Nucleus? Function: Direct all cell activities. Contains DNA of the cell. DNA is the genetic code of life. Houses the nucleolus.

What is the Nucleus? Eukaryotes – are organisms with a nucleus. They have the DNA bound in the nucleus. The Nucleus is a double membrane bound organelle.

What are Prokaryotes? Were the first cells Do not have a nucleus Do not have membrane bound DNA. Are mostly bacteria. If your mother has spoken about germs she is speaking about prokaryotes or bacteria.

What is the Nucleolus? Contains a small region made up of RNA. It makes Ribosomes. Aide in the production of protein.

What is the Nuclear Envelope? Surrounds nucleus and protects it. Has two membranes It is a selectively permeable membrane.

What is the Cytoplasm? The cytoplasm is the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains many important structures. The cytoplasm is a jelly like structure that all of the organelles swim in.

What is the Mitochondria?

Mitochondria continued no new question. Power house of the cell. Function is to make energy for the cell. It makes energy in the form of A.T.P. Contains two special membranes. The membranes double the surface area.

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

What are Chloroplasts? Capture light energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy for the plant. It is one of the key players in photosynthesis if not the key player in photosynthesis. If not for this organelle life as we know it on earth might not exist!!!!

Ribosomes

What are Ribosome? Structure in which proteins are made. Composed of RNA and protein. Among the smallest of organelles. Very small organelle 25 nanometers in diameter. Found floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to the E.R.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

What is the E.R.? Two types: – Smooth – Rough Function – Transport materials through the cell. – Smooth = in some cells stores special chemicals or enzymes. – Rough = Carries enzymes.

What is the Golgi?

Discovered by the Italian scientist – Camillo Golgi. Function – to modify proteins and carbohydrates. Helps in packaging molecules. Collects things in the cell. Helps in the distribution of things around the cell.

What are the Lysosomes?

Function in the cleaning of the cell. Whenever one organelle is not working the way it should the lysosome gets rid of it. They are much like the clean up crew.

Vacuoles

What are the Vacuoles? Storage space in plant cells for plant waste products. Plants store wastes for the entire year and then get rid of them when fall arrives. Yes that is right the plant only goes to the bathroom once a year!!!!!

Plastids

What are the Plastids? Function in photosynthesis. Involved in food storage. 3 types: – Chloroplast – Chromoplasts – Leukoplasts

What are the Types of Plastids?

What is the Cytoskeleton? Framework of the cell. Made of microfilaments. Help support cell. In some instances helps the cell to move. – Cilia – Flagella

Cytoskeleton:

Do it again Pg. 60 E.12.B What is the advantage for plants in having a cell wall?

Out Pg. 60 for75 pts Venn Diagram Plant cell and Animal cell.

IN Pg. 62 List three cell organelles found only in a plant cell and explain what they do. Answer in Blue, Black or Pencil.

Do it now Pg.62 E.12.B.2 What is the function of the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Compound Light Microscope Pg. 63

Compound Microscope

4X, 10x, 40x

Compound Microscope

In: pg. 64 All algae are single celled protists that live in water. Protists may be photosynthetic like plants or non photosynthetic like animals. This is a picture of a algae called Orphyridium versitile. 1.Is this algae unicellular or multicellular? 2. What are the round, green structures inside the algae? 3.Does this algae do photosynthesis?

Do it Again Pg. 64 What are three parts of the microscope and their functions?

Energy in Living Things Pg. 65 Cornell notes

Energy is transformed in biological systems Energy is transformed (changed into different forms) in living things all the time. – For example, the chemical energy in food is transformed into the movement of your muscles. – Plants take the radiant energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy when they make food in photosynthesis. Any time energy is transformed, most of it is “lost” to the environment as heat.

How does the cell get energy? The cell gets energy from carbon containing compounds-Mostly from the sugar, glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). Glucose is a high energy molecule. When the bonds in it are broken, energy is released.

What is photosynthesis? The process in which glucose is made from the sun’s energy. Anaerobic process(Does not need oxygen!) Occurs in the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide+water+light  glucose+oxygen 6CO 2 +6H 2 O+light  C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2 The glucose from photosynthesis then enters cell respiration or fermentation.

What is ATP? ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate.

When glucose is present… – ATP bonds made= energy stored. energy When the cell needs energy – ATP bonds broken= energy released for use Adenosine P- energy ADP-Adenosine diphosphate+ P

ATP-Adenosine triphosphate ATP is the energy “currency of the cell” ATP

Which would you use to buy a Slurpee at 7-11? Glucose ATP

If you converted 10,000 dollars to quarters, you would get 40,000 quarters If you converted one glucose molecule to ATP you would get about 36 ATPs Glucose is not usable by the cells, ATP is, so glucose must be broken down and the energy stored in smaller “quantities” in ATP. ATP is then stored in the cell and broken apart as needed to release energy for cell functions.

How does a photosynthetic organism make ATP? Glucose Respiration Fermentation No oxygen present (anaerobic) Oxygen present (aerobic) Photosynthesis ATP

How does a photosynthetic organism make ATP? Glucose Respiration Fermentation No oxygen present (anaerobic) Oxygen present (aerobic) Photosynthesis ATP

How does a non photosynthetic organism make ATP? Glucose Respiration Fermentation No oxygen present (anaerobic) Oxygen present (aerobic) Food ATP

What is fermentation? Uses glucose to make ATP if no oxygen is present (anaerobic respiration) Occurs in the cytoplasm. Makes relatively little ATP Two types: – Alcoholic fermentation Glucose  alcohol(ethanol)+carbon dioxide+2ATP C 6 H 12 O 6  C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2 + 2ATP – Lactic acid fermentation Glucose  lactic acid+2ATP C 6 H 12 O 6  2 C 3 H 5 OOH + 2ATP

What is cell respiration?cell respiration Uses glucose to make ATP Aerobic Respiration (Needs oxygen!) Occurs in the mitochondria. Glucose+oxygen  water+carbon dioxide+ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2  6H 2 O+6CO ATP + HEAT Makes much more ATP than fermentation!

Thru 2 3 Column Vocab Pg 66 1.Chloroplast 2.Mitochondria 3.(ATP)Adenosine triphosphate 4.Chlorophyll 5.Photosynthesis Pg Aerobic respiration 7. Anaerobic respiration 8. Alcoholic fermentation 9. Lactic acid fermentation 10. Cellular respiration

Do it again Pg. 64 What is ATP and What does it do for the cell and really what does it do for you?

Out Pg. 64 How is ATP Made?

Out-write A-G on your paper and place the word that would correctly fill in the blank on the concept map next to each letter Photosynthetic Organisms Non- Photosynthetic Organisms C GF No oxygen present (____ D _______) Oxygen present (_____ E ______) A ATP B

Thru 1- Pg 105 Summary Waste Products Wanted Products Reactants Equation Location in Cell Type of Cell PhotosynthesisCell RespirationFermentation Energy Layer Book

1.Fold 4 sheets of paper to create a flipbook. 2.Label the first flap in each column with the name of an energy process. 3.Label the flaps as listed below and fill in the appropriate info in the space below the flap. Type of Organisms -does the process occur in plant, animals or both? Location in Cell - what organelle or part of the cell does the process occur in? Reactants- What compounds are the raw materials of the reaction. Equation-write the balanced equation for the reaction. Wanted Products -list the products that the cell keeps. Waste Products - list the products that the cell does not keep. Summary -summarize the entire process. Include definition of the process and include all the steps of the process and a brief overview of what happens during each.

Out Using a double bubble map, compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration SimilaritiesDifferences

old stuff

Put one spoonful of baking soda in the plastic bag. Put one medicine cup of vinegar in the plastic bag. Seal the bag immediately and massage the bag to mix the 2 substances. 1.What happened after you mixed the 2 substances? 2.How do you explain this?