1. Look at the following images, what are some similarities and differences between the cells?

4. Name the two different types of cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells

5. Unit 3: Cells
Objective: To be able to compare and contrast the differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells.

6. The Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells (unicellular or multicellular).
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.

7. Types of Cells
Two kinds of cells depending on whether they have a nucleus
Eukaryote
Prokaryote

8. Prokaryotes
The ONLY prokaryotes in the world are BACTERIA.

9. Prokaryotes
Genetic material (DNA) is not contained in a nucleus, it is free floating
PRO = No Nucleus
Usually small and simple

10. What is the most important thing to remember about Prokaryotes?

11. Eukaryotes Includes protists, fungi, plants and animals. Eu = You
Usually larger and more complex than prokaryotes.
May be unicellular like an amoeba or multicellular like a plant or human.

12. Eukaryotes Contains a NUCLEUS, to hold genetic information
Contains dozens of specialized structures called organelles.

13. What is the most important thing to remember about Eukaryotes?

14. You have 3 minutes to complete your Venn Diagram on Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells, then check your answers with your neighbor.

15. Types of Cells
Two kinds of cells depending on whether they have a nucleus
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Nucleus
Cells larger
Organelles
Some have a cell wall (plants)
No nucleus
Cells smaller
All have a cell wall
cells
DNA
Cell membrane
ribosomes

16. Eukaryotic Cell Structure (a.k.a organelles)
Objective : To be able to identify organelles within a Eukaryotic cell and their function.

17. What is an organelle?
An organelle is a membrane bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell (think of them as little organs with certain jobs to do).
All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm.

18. You need to know the following Organelles associated with Animals Cells
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Golgi Complex
Ribosomes
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Vacuole
Lysosome

19. Every cell is enclosed by a Cell Membrane
Function:
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Provides protection and support

20. Nucleus – The control center
Function:
Contains almost all of the cells DNA for coding proteins and other molecules
DNA is found on chromosomes which contain genetic information.

21. Nucleus-The control center
Structure:
Surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear envelope. It allows materials (RNA, proteins, etc) in and out of the nucleus.
Small internal region called a nucleolus where ribosomes are made.

22. Locate the following and color them in on your diagram and think of 2-3 words to describe the term/organelle.
1. Cytoplasm
2. Cell Membrane
3. Nucleus
4. Nucleolus
5. Nuclear Envelope

23. Ribosomes (not an organelle, but important)
Function:
Site of protein assembly (synthesizes proteins)
Structure:
Small pieces of RNA and protein found throughout the cell, and on the Rough E.R.
No membrane present.

24. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function:
Site where lipid parts of cell membrane are made, along with proteins. Transports materials throughout the cell. Sends ribosomes to the Golgi Complex.
Structure:
Rough ER-has ribosomes on surface to assemble proteins (attached to the nucleus)
Smooth ER-NO ribosomes on surface

25. Locate the following and color them in on your diagram and think of 2-3 words to describe the term/organelle.
1. Ribosomes
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

26. Mitochondria – The Power House
Function:
Convert chemical energy in food into materials easier for the cell to use.
ATP = Energy
More active cells contain more mitochondria

27. Golgi Complex (shipping and receiving)
Function:
Modify (makes molecules more complex), sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER and distributes them throughout the cell. Material can also be temporarily stored here.
Structure:
Stack of closely packed membranes

28. Lysosomes - the clean up crew
Function:
Breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules to be used by the rest of the cell
Breakdown used up organelles
Get rid of all “stuff” in the cell
Structure:
Small, filled with enzymes

29. Vacuoles - Storage Function:
Stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
Mostly associated with plants
Structure:
Sac-like
Plant cells have one large central vacuole
Animal cells have many small vacuoles

30. Locate the following and color them in on your diagram and think of 2-3 words to describe the term/organelle.
1. Mitochondria
2. Golgi Complex
3. Lysosomes
4. Vacuoles

31. Cytoskeleton ( internal structure)
Function:
Helps maintain cell shape
Helps with movement of the cell
(i.e. flagella and cilia)
Structure:
Two types:
microfilaments
Microtubules
- movement
- important in cell
division, centrioles,
help organize this
process.

32. Other organelles NOT ASSOCIATED with animal cells, but plant cells
Cell Wall (structural support for plants)
Chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Larger Vacuoles (store water)

33. Simple or Complex?
An efficiency apartment is a one room apartment. This room is where you sleep, eat, shower, and entertain your guests. It all happens in one room. It is a simple way of living in a small space. A mansion is large, complex living space with many separate rooms. There are rooms for cooking, eating, sleeping, bathing, reading, watching TV, entertaining guests, exercising, and storage. The rooms in a mansion are constructed for the specific things you would like to be able to do. You can live in simple efficiency or complexity.
Which cell can be compared to the one room efficiency apartment?
Which cell can be compared to the mansion?

34. How many organelles can you name? Can you list their function?