Metabolism & Obesity 2015

Metabolism

History of USDA’s Food Guidance 1940s 1950s-1960s 1970s Food for Young Children 1916

Metabolism Our bodies get the energy they need from food through metabolism, the chemical reactions in the body's cells that convert the fuel from food into the energy needed to do everything from moving to thinking to growing. Metabolism is how many calories your body uses each day AKA “TDEE” (Total Daily Energy Expenditure) **LIKE A FACTORY**

BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate The amount of calories your body needs to keep its internal organs functioning Caloric Need = BMR + (the energy spent exercising)

Increase Your Metabolism Build muscle! ◦Muscle cells use more energy when “idle” than fat cells do, that way you are burning more calories when you aren’t exercising Exercise more! ◦Do something fun, increase your fitness, and lose weight all at the same time

Obesity

Body Composition What your body is made of For example: 82 lbsLean body mass (muscle, bone, organs) +33 lbsFat (body fat, cell membranes, brain) 115 lbsTotal Body Weight

Body Composition This is often recorded as a percentage 82 lbsLean body mass (muscle, bone, organs) +33 lbsFat (body fat, cell membranes, brain) 115 lbsTotal Body Weight 33/115 = 28% body fat

Who should have a higher percentage of fat on their body? ◦Men ◦Women ◦WOMEN! Why?

Body Composition It is not good for you health if: Men – body fat gets below 6% Average body fat % for teenage boys in the US is 12%-20%. Women- body fat gets below 14% Average body fat % for teenage girls in the US is 16%-25%.

BMI Body Mass Index A number based on your HEIGHT and WEIGHT BMI=kg/m 2 Adults are categorized by their BMI <20Underweight Healthy Weight Overweight 30+Obese

Body Composition BMI Chart

BMI Body Mass Index 5’2” and 99 lbs = BMI of 18.1 kg/m 2 Nastia Luikin—Gymnast

BMI Body Mass Index 6’4” and 195 lbs = BMI of 24 kg/m 2 Michael Phelps—Swimmer

CAN BMI BE HARD TO MEASURE SOMETIMES? WHY? BMI does NOT measure _____________________ MUSCLE

Shaq—Basketball Player 7’1” and 325 lbs = BMI of 31.6 kg/m 2

Causes of Obesity Diet Sedentary Lifestyle Genetics

Diseases with Dietary Connections Heart Disease Cancer High fat & cholesterol intake Low intake of vitamins/minerals/ fruits/vegetables Excessive body fat Low intake of vegetables/fruit/fiber Excessive body fat

Diseases with Dietary Connections Diabetes Tooth Decay Low intake of fruits and veggies Excessive body fat High intake of saturated fat Excessive & frequent sugar consumption What things are common among the diseases? THEY ARE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH!!! Do Americans eat well?

How Dangerous is Obesity? With a BMI of 32, your risk of dying at any given time DOUBLES Obesity on average shortens your life by 6-7 years Severe obesity on average shortens your life by 20 years

Prevalence of Obesity 32% of Americans are obese The obesity rate has doubled since 1980 Obesity is possibly the leading preventable cause of death in America

Risks of Obesity Heart Disease Cancer Type II Diabetes Arthritis Sleep Apnea Depression Gall Stones

OBESITY ISN’T JUST FOR OLD PEOPLE ANYMORE Childhood Obesity

16-20% of Kids in the US are Obese Childhood obesity has dangerous long- and short-term health consequences.

Lots of Factors are Being Blamed Video games Cultural changes Higher consumption of junk food Removing PE from schools The internet Fewer sit-down meals with the family Cable and satellite TV Poverty Public transportation More families owning multiple cars Obese parents making it easier for their kids to be obese Teenage dieting fads and eating disorders It’s probably a combination of them all