AnabolismBothCatabolism Biology Journal 10/30/2015 Compare and contrast anabolism and catabolism in a Venn diagram.

AnabolismBothCatabolism Builds polymers from monomers. AKA synthesis Biochemical reactions necessary in biology Breaks down polymers into monomers. AKA decomposition Takes up energy Makes energy Condensation reaction makes H 2 O from –H and –OH Involve the creation or splitting of H 2 O Hydrolysis reaction Splits H 2 O to replace –H and –OH Happens when your body makes molecules Happens when your body digests food you eat

C 6 H 12 O 6 Glucose Amino Acid Saturated Fatty Acid Glucose Glucose Ribose Amino Acid Saturated Fatty Acid Name these molecules!

1.Name a disaccharide that comes from a plant 2.Name a disaccharide that comes from an animal 3.Name a polysaccharide that comes from a plant 4.Name a polysaccharide that comes from an animal 1.Sucrose or Maltose 2.Lactose 3.Starch or cellulose 4.Glycogen

What does the protein RuBisCO do? RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is a protein used in carbon-fixation (taking carbon from the atmosphere and making carbohydrates out of it). It is found in most plants, and autotrophic single-celled organisms. It’s probably the most abundant enzyme on Earth!

Draw a saturated fatty acid!

What determines what the 3D shape of a protein will be? The chemical properties of the amino acids! And the sequence of amino acids! These interact and fold up into the final protein shape.

Make a drawing of a generalized amino acid. R group (could be 20 different things in human proteins) Carboxyl (COOH) Amine (NH 2 ) Alpha carbon (the middle C where the R group is attached)

A chemical reaction occurs, breaking down a polymer. a.What could be two terms to describe this reaction? b.What are the names of the reactant and the products? c.What is the other reactant, and how many are needed? (a)Hydrolysis (it splits H 2 O) and catabolism or decomposition (b)Reactant = polypeptide (or “protein” –though this would be a tiny protein) Products = 3 monopeptides (or amino acids) (a)2 H 2 O molecules are reactants, and will be split (hydrolysis). H2OH2O H2OH2O Splits!

What is a proteome? Just like a genome is all of the genes an organism has (ATCG’s), a proteome is all of the proteins (sequence of amino acids) that an organism makes.

Draw Glucose!

Label each of these molecules with terms we know from these sections. (such as “disaccharide”, “polyunsaturated fat”…) Saturated Fatty Acid Saturated Fatty Acid Trans Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Disaccharide Monosaccharide Disaccharide Cis Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Polysaccharide

Define what it means for a protein to denature.

It’s triglyceride What is the name of this molecule? Name 3 of its parts. 3 Fatty acids Glycerol Carboxyl groups

Which structure represents an amino acid?

A chemical reaction occurs, synthesizing 5 monomers. a.What could be two terms to describe this reaction? b.What is the name of the reactants, and the product? c.What is the other product and how many molecules of it are made? (a)Condensation or dehydration and anabolism or synthesis (b)Reactant = glucose (a monosaccharide, or sugar) Product = starch (a polysaccharide, or carbohydrate) (a)4 H 2 O molecules are made HH OH H2OH2O H H H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O

Draw ribose!

What does the protein insulin do? Insulin is made by the pancreas. When blood-sugar is high, it is released and decreases the amount of glycogen (blood sugar) in the blood and stores it in the liver, or as fat.

State the effect of pH on a protein.

All proteins have an optimal pH. Deviation from this results in the denaturaziation of proteins, and thus a reduction in functionality.

Molecule Type MonomerDimerPolymerExamples Carbohydrates Starch… Proteins Monopeptide (one amino acid) Enzymes, transport proteins, keratin, Lipids (aka fats) CH 2 n/alipid Complete the table! Biology Journal 10/15/2015

Molecule TypeMonomerDimerPolymerExamples Carbohydrates MonosaccharideDisaccharide Polysaccharide, carbohydrate Starch, lactose, glucose, ribose Proteins Monopeptide (one amino acid) Dipeptide Polypeptide, Protein Enzymes, transport proteins, keratin, Lipids (aka fats) CH 2 n/alipid Fatty acids, triglyceride Biology Journal 10/15/2015

1. Which structure represents an amino acid?

2. Which molecule is: a. ribose b. Generalized amino acid c. Generalized fatty acid 3. Discuss which two molecules are most similar. Question from Paper 1 Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

4. Which molecule represents ribose? 5. What is the name of molecule B? 6. What is the name of molecule C? Question from Paper 1 Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

7. What kind of molecule is this? 8. Draw it and label its parts. Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

9. What is the name of this molecule? 10. List its parts (you don’t have to draw it) Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

11. What kind of molecule is this? Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

12. Name this molecule. 13. Describe it’s structure in as much detail as you can. Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

14. What kind of reaction is shown? 15. Write out the reaction as words: Sucrose + _______ → ________ + _______ 16. When might this reaction be happing in your body? + + → H2OH2O Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

A chemical reaction is shown below. 17. Name each reactant and product. 18. What kind of reaction is this? 19. Where should water be present in the reaction? How many molecules of water? → Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

A chemical reaction occurs, synthesizing 5 monomers. 20. What could be two terms to describe this reaction? 21. What is the name of the product? 22. What is the other product and how many molecules of it are made? Discuss with your partner. Agree on an answer and put it on your sheet.

2.1 Draw a molecular diagram of alpha-D glucose, D-ribose, a saturated fatty acid, and a generalized amino acid (showing R group) Ribose C 5 H 10 O 5 We put the D in DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. A form of ribose with one fewer oxygen called “deoxyribose” is part of DNA’s structure.

2.1 Draw a molecular diagram of alpha-D glucose, D-ribose, a saturated fatty acid, and a generalized amino acid (showing R group) Generalized Amino Acid

Biology Journal 10/15/2015 What could be some foods that are high in… Protein Lipids Polysaccharides Monosaccharides