1. Jeopardy! Macromolecules

2. Ground Rules: Every team answers every question. I do this so that the maximum number of students are participating. Its not a race, just find the right answer, and they will all be scored at once. You only gain points (this keeps the math a lot easier)

3. Keep the focus on learning biology! Don’t argue about the points. Don’t waste time arguing Ground Rules:

4. ProteinLipids Carbohydrates Water and Elements Identification and Structure 100 200 300 400 500 End

5. Protein 100 a. How many different amino acids are coded for by human DNA? b. How many amino acids exist? a)20 b)An infinite number of amino acids are possible because potentially any chemcial structure can be located at the R-group.

6. Protein 200 Which of these is an amino acid? D

7. Protein 300 a. What kind of molecule is this? b. Label its parts. a)amino acid (in this case asparagine) R group (in this case CH 2 CONH 2 ) Carboxyl (COOH) Amine (NH 2 ) Alpha carbon

8. Protein 400 a.What kind of chemical reaction is shown below? b.Write this chemical reaction using words. c.What kind of bond is formed in the product? a)condensation synthesis b)amino acid + amino acid → dipeptide + water c)peptide bond

9. Protein 500 a.What kind of molecule is shown below? b.Name the monomer of this molecule, and how many are present. c.If this molecule underwent hydrolysis, would water be consumed or released? How many water molecules would do this? a) protein, polypeptide or oligopeptide b) 7 amino acids c) 6 H 2 O molecules would be released

10. Lipids 100 a. triglyceride a. What is the name of this molecule? b. Label its parts Fatty acid Glycerol Carboxyl groups

11. Lipids 200 a. Name this molecule. b. Describe it’s structure in as much detail as you can. a.Fatty acid. b.It is a lipid, it has a carboxyl group (COOH), and it is unsaturated (it has a double bond), which makes it more likely to be a liquid

12. Lipids 300 Saturated fats have no double bonds in them. They are usually solids at room temperature (because they have no bends in the C-chain) Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds. They are usually liquids at room temperature (because they have no bends in the C-chain) What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat?

13. Lipids 400 Lipids are typically used for long-term storage of energy. Reasons:  Lipids efficiently store energy (compact)  Lipids are the molecule with the highest amount of energy per gram  It takes more time for the energy to be released from lipids  It requires more oxygen for lipids to be broken down. Are lipids typically used by organisms for long-term or short-term storage of energy. Explain your reasoning.

14. Lipids 500  Thermal insulation  Solvent for nonpolar substances  Cell membranes (phospholipid bilayer)  Protection as cousioning  Floating (lipids are less dense than H 2 O)  Good electrical insulator for nervous system  Hormones are lipids State some uses of lipids, other than energy storage. (3 points)

15. Carbohydrates 100 Describe the molecule lactose. (3 points)  It’s a disaccharide  It’s made out of 2 glucose molecules  It’s made by some animals and found in milk.  Lacking the enzyme (called lactase) to break the glycosidic bond between the glucose molecules is called lactose intolerance.

16. Carbohydrates 200 What’s the difference between starch and cellulose? Starch: Humans can digest it. Found in plant parts like rice, potatoes, grains. It’s called “carbs” on nutrition facts. Cellulose: humans can’t digest it. Found in plant parts like wood and leaves (cell walls of plant cells). It’s called “fiber” on nutrition facts. Both are plant-made carbohydrates made out of glucose molecules

17. Carbohydrates 300 What is the name of this molecule? Where do we find it and what does it do? This is the carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is stored “blood sugar”. It is a carbohydrate that your body uses to temporarily “store” glucose. Insulin regulates the amount of glucose that is stored.

18. Carbohydrates 400 a)The reaction will be hydrolysis, a decomposition reaction. b)In this reaction, H 2 O is a reactant. (water is consumed because it is split to “fill in” the atoms on the individual glucose molecules.) You consume a huge meal of spaghetti and breadsticks. a.What is the name of the chemical reaction that will break down this food? b.In this chemical reaction, will water be a reactant or a product?

19. Carbohydrates 500 A chemical reaction occurs, synthesizing 5 glucose molecules. a.What is the name of this chemical reaction? b.What is the name of the product? c.What is the other product and how many molecules of it are made? (a) Dehydration synthesis (b) starch or cellulose (c) 4 H 2 O molecules are made HH OH H2OH2O H H H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O

20. Water 100 State one biological function of iron.  In some animals, iron is found in the protein hemoglobin, and it allows oxygen to bind to this protein. Red blood cells contain this protein.  In some plants, iron is a component of making chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

21. Water 200 Draw four water molecules and label which side is slightly positive, which side is slightly negative, and show where hydrogen bonds form. Hydrogen bonds

22. Water 300 State one purpose of nitrogen in living things.  Nitrogen is found in amino acids and therfore proteins  Nitrogen is found in chlorophyll

23. Water 400 Compare and contrast adhesion and cohesion in water. In both, hydrogen bonds cause water to be attracted to another substance. Cohesion is the characteristic of water to be attracted to itself, and stick together. Surface tension is a result of cohesion. Adhesion is the characteristic of water to stick to other substances. Capillary action is an example of adhesion.

24. Water 500 a.Does water have a high or low specific heat? b.Describe one biological consequence of this characteristic of water. a.Water has a high specific heat. b.As a consequence of this:  Living things can more easily maintain a relatively constant temperature.  Aquatic habitats maintain a relatively constant temperature.  Water is an excellent coolant, because it takes a lot of heat away from an organism when it evaporates.

25. Identification and Structure 100 a.Which of these molecules are organic? b.Which of these molecules are inorganic? a.Organic = 1, 3, 5, 6 b.Inorganic = 2, 4 H2OH2O Ribose Protein 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

26. Identification and Structure 200 Name each of these molecules. A = glucose B = amino acid C = glycerol D = ribose

27. Identification and Structure 300 a.What is the name of this molecule? b.State one function of this molecule. a)Sucrose b)It is found in plants as a short-term, stable energy source. “Table sugar” is sucrose.

28. Identification and Structure 400 Which kind of substance would likely dissolve best in water? Explain your reasoning: a)a monosaccharide b)a protein c) a lipid A monosaccharide would dissolve best because it is smallest and has lots of polar OH groups on it.  A protein may or may not be soluable, depending on the amino acid make up of the protein  A lipid is, by definition, nonpolar.

29. Identification and Structure 500 Complete the table. Type of moleculeExample used in plants Example used in animals Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide Type of moleculeExample used in plants Example used in animals Monosaccharide fructose glucose Disaccharide sucrose lactose Polysaccharide cellulose, starch glycogen

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