Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

Plants come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors. ALL REPRODUCE ____________ or ____________

Plant Organs Flowering plants make up the largest group of plants on Earth. Has 4 main organs: – 1) Roots – 2) Stems – 3) Leaves – 4) Flowers

1) Roots – hold (anchor) plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients. 2) Stems – support part of plant that is above ground, water and nutrients move through stem to various parts of plant. 3) Leaves – take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen, capture energy. 4) Flower – contains the reproductive parts

Check List 1) What are two modes of reproduction that plants use? 2) Which one requires fertilization? 3) Female reproductive organs produce __________, while male reproductive organs produce __________. 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring? 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant. 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

Section 2 – Seedless Reproduction Nonvascular Seedless – produced by spores and are nonvascular – Ex: moss Vascular Seedless – produced by spores but are vascular – Ex: Ferns

Review Nonvascular: – Non-complex – Small – Seedless Vascular: – Complex – Larger – Seeds (usually) – Vascular Tissue

Section 3 – Seed Reproduction Recall, that flowering plants made up the largest group of plants on Earth. Flowering plants reproduce by making seeds. Seeds will eventually grow into a new plant.

Seeds are formed through a process called – sexual reproduction Some flowers have male reproductive parts. Some flowers have female reproductive parts. There are also, other flowers have both male and female parts.

Male Reproductive Parts Stamens – the male reproductive pare of a flower. Pollen – is a powder that contains male reproductive cells that is produced by stamen.

Female Reproductive Parts Pistil – contains the female reproductive parts of a flower. Ovary – part of the flower in which seeds develop, located at the bottom of the pistil in a hollow structure.

Pollination Pollination – when pollen is transferred from the stamens by wind and animals to the top of the pistil. Pollinators – animals that transfer pollen – Ex: bees, butterflies, insects, & hummingbirds

Steps of Pollination 1) Pollinator visits a flower 2) pollen rubs off the male part of flower onto the animal’s body 3) pollen falls off onto the female part of that flower or another flower. 4)once transferred, pollen travels down into the ovary, where fertilizes the egg—fertilization occurs. 5) Each fertilized egg in a flowering plant can develop into a seed  ovary into a fruit  fruit contains seed that will grow into new plant

Anatomy of a Seed Embryo – a tiny new plant contained in each seed. Cotyledon – parts where the stored food is located 3 things each seed has: – Embryo – Cotyledon (stored food) – Seed coat

Types of Pollination Self Pollination – pollen is carried from stamen to pistil of SAME flower Cross Pollination – pollen is carried to from stamen to pistil of a DIFFERENT flower

Dispersal Mechanisms 3 Types of Dispersal: – 1)Self Dispersal – when ovary splits or divides releasing seeds – 2)Wind Dispersal – dispersal via wind Helicopters, dandelions, etc. – 3)Animal Dispersal – dispersal via animal Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

Germination Once a seed is dispersed, if it lands in soil it may germinate. Germination – is the sprouting of a new plant from a seed (seed developing into a plant).

Steps of Germination 1) First, seed absorbs so much water that it swells and bursts its seed coat. 2) Stored food inside provides energy for the roots, stem, and leaves to start growing. 3) After plant emerges from soil, it can capture sunlight and perform photosynthesis.

Chapter 7 – Plant Reproduction

Plants can reproduce in 2 different ways: ____________ & _______________ Plants have 4 main organs: __________, ___________, ___________, _____________

Plant Organs 1) Roots - _____________________________ 2) Stem - _____________________________ 3) Leaves - ____________________________ 4) Flower - ____________________________

How Flowers Reproduce All flowers reproduce by making a _______________. This _______________ will eventually grow into a new species. A seed is the end product of a what type of reproduction _______________________.

Male Reproductive Parts Stamen – __________________ __________________ Pollen – __________________ __________________ __________________

Female Reproductive Parts Pistil – ______________________ ______________________ Ovary – ______________________ ______________________ ______________________ ______________________

Pollination Pollination - ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________ Pollinators - ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________

Check List 1) What are two modes of reproduction that plants use? 2) Which one requires fertilization? 3) Female reproductive organs produce __________, while male reproductive organs produce __________. 4) Which reproduction creates genetically identical offspring? 5) List the 4 main organs of a plant. 6) In 3 sentences tell me which organ you feel like is the most important out of the 4 organs of a plant and back up with facts.

Check List 1) What type of reproduction in plants requires fertilization? 2) Where does fertilization occur in a plant? 3) What is the male reproductive part of a flower? 4) What is the powdery substance that contains male reproductive cells called? 5) The end product of sexual reproduction in plants is a _____________. Which will eventually grow into a new organism. 6) What is it called when pollen travels from the stamen to the top of the pistil? 7)Draw out a flower and label: Pistil, Pollen, Stamen, Ovary, Eggs. 8) List 3 types of Pollinators.

Section 3 Pollination – Pollinators – Stamen, pollen, pistil Fertilization – Sex Cells (Gametes) – Ovary – Seed – Fruit Germination – Seed, soil, water, sunlight

Anatomy of Seed Embryo – ____________________________ Cotyledon – ____________________________ _________________________ 3 things each seed has: – Embryo – Cotyledon (stored food) – Seed coat

Dispersal of Seeds Seeds must find their way to the __________. A seed needs 3 things to grow. – ____________, ______________, ____________ Animals and wind can help in dispersing _____________.

Dispersal Mechanisms 3 Types of Dispersal: – 1)Self Dispersal – ____________________________ – 2)Wind Dispersal – _____________________________ Helicopters, dandelions, etc. – 3)Animal Dispersal – ____________________________ Animal feces, attaching to animals, etc.

Germination Germination - _____________________________________ _____________________________________

Steps of germination: 1) Seed absorbs so much _________, until seed coat bursts 2)__________ provides food for the seed to grow. 3)Grows above ground and can go through a process of __________________.

Check List 1) Draw out a seed and label these 3 parts: Cotyledon, Embryo, Seed Coat 2)The __________ is the tiny new plant that is located inside of the seed. 3) The _____________ is the stored food inside the seed. 4) The protective coat on the outside of the seed is called the ___________. 5) What are the 3 major steps in germination? 6) Once a seed is produced after fertilization, what are 3 things needed for it to grow? 7) Dispersal is how a seed finds/gets to a place to grow, how many ways of dispersal can there be? 8) If a seed is eaten by an animal, and digested through the digestive system, what type of dispersal has occurred? 9) Give an example of an plant that has self dispersed seeds, wind dispersed seeds, and animal dispersed seeds. 10) _______________ is the process in which a seed sprouts into a new plant.