1. Plants: Angiosperms

2. Remember….. What is the group of flowering plants?
In what structure is the plant embryo found which is made from a flower?
What is the protective structure that surrounds a seed called?
Angiosperms
Seeds
Fruits

3. A. Flowers 1. Flowers are organs of reproduction in angiosperms
2. Flowers contain male and female reproductive parts

4. 3. Parts of a flower
a. Sepals- kinds of leaf that protect the bud, can be green or brightly colored
b. Petals- kinds of leaf inside the sepals, protect reproductive parts of a flower
sometimes have brightly colored petals and nice smell to attract pollinators (exs. roses and lilies)
sometimes white or green and no smell (exs. grasses)

6. c. Reproductive structures of a flower
1. Pistil (carpel)- female reproductive structure
Usually one per flower, in the center
contains stigma, style and ovary
2.Stamen- male reproductive structure
Usually several per flower, around the pistil (carpel)
Contains anther and filament

8. 4. Types of flowers
a. Perfect flowers- both male and female parts, stamen and pistil/carpel
Ex lily
b. Imperfect flowers- only male (stamen) OR female (pistil/carpel) parts but not both
Ex zucchini

9. B. Reproduction with Flowers Seeds and Fruits

10. Stamen: Male reproductive Structure
1. Stamen- contains anthers and filaments
a. Filament- stalk that holds anther
b. Anther- produces pollen grains which contain plant sperm, pollen released when it bursts open

11. Pistil/Carpel: Female Reproductive Structure
2. Pistil/carpel contains stigma, style and ovary
a. Stigma- sticky top that catches pollen
b. Style- tube that connects stigma to ovary
c. Ovary- bottom of pistil that contains ovules with eggs inside
Ovary

12. Pollination
3. Pollination- movement of pollen from anther of stamen to stigma of pistil/carpel
Can occur by wind, insects, bats, birds, and water

13. Pollination
a. Self pollination- pollen travels from anther of stamen of a flower and lands on stigma of pistil of SAME flower, or on different flower on SAME plant, must be perfect
b. Cross pollination-pollen travels from stamen of a flower to pistil of another flower on a DIFFERENT but similar plant, flowers can be perfect or imperfect

14. Self pollination vs Cross pollination
Same Plant
Different Plants

15. Fertilization
4. Fertilization- as part of sexual reproduction it is the joining of the nuclei of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells of flowers
Takes place inside the pistil

16. Steps of pollination and Fertilization
a. Pollen grain from anther of stamen lands on stigma of pistil
b. One cell from pollen forms a pollen tube from stigma through style to ovary
c. Other cell from pollen is called sperm & moves through pollen tube to ovule of ovary where egg is
d. Nuclei of sperm and egg join (fertilze) to form a zygote
e. Fertilzed egg develops into a seed
f. Seed contains an embryo,or baby plant, plus a cotyledon (endosperm)

17. seed
embryo

18. 5. Seeds and fruits a. Seeds- formed from mature (eggs in) ovules
b. Fruits- from mature ovary, form around seeds to protect them
c. Name some plants that have fruits.
All angiosperms have fruits

20. C. Parts of a seed and germination

21. 1. Seed parts a. Seed coat- protects the embryo
b. Cotyledon- inside seed, used to absorb food from endosperm of seed for developing plant embryo
Monocots (1 cotyledon) vs dicots (2 cotyledons)

22. Seed parts
c. Embryo- baby plant; has tiny root, stem and cotyledons (develop into leaves)
d. Hilum- scar where seed was attached to ovary of flower

23. 2. Germination of seeds
Germination- development of embryo inside seed into a new plant with good soil and water

24. 3. Seed dispersal Seed dispersal- Movement of seeds for germination
By wind, water, animals eating
fruits and depositing seeds
or carrying seeds on fur

25. D. Asexual reproduction in plants

26. Asexual reproduction 1. Asexual Reproduction involves one parent
Offspring are genetically identical to their parents

27. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Vegatative propagation- asexual reproduction that uses plant parts to grow new plants
Runners- underground stems
Tubers- “buds or eyes” part of underground stems
Spores- airborne particles stored in spore cases
Bulbs- leafy, underground stems
Cuttings- root, leaf or stem pieces

28. Tubers
Exs potatoes,
yams
Cuttings- asparagus roots
bulbs
runners

29. E. Tropisms

30. Tropisms/Plant Responses
Tropism- growth response to a stimulus, (usually by growing in a certain direction)
Stimulus- a change that causes response
Ex: light, touch, gravity or water

31. 5. Types of tropisms & Positive Vs Negative Tropisms

32. Positive Tropism Negative Tropism Growth toward the stimulus
Growth away from the stimulus

33. a. Phototropism Plant’s growth in response to light
Leaves and stems grow towards light

34. b. Gravitropism Plant’s growth in response to gravity
Roots grow towards gravity and stems grow away from it

35. c. Hydrotropism Plant’s growth in response to water
Roots grow towards water

36. d. Thigmotropism Plant’s growth in response to touch
stems grow due to touch, grow around a structure
Example: poison ivy