1. Introduction to Plant Reproduction

2. Introduction To Plant Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
These processes occur in seed plants, and seedless plants.

3. Seed Plants
Seedless Plants

4. Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction
Does not involve or require the production of sex cells.
One organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to it.

5. Examples of Asexual Reproduction
Liverwart - Gemmae
Strawberry Plant - Runner
Plantlet on Leaf

6. Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
Requires the production of sex cells – sperm and egg – in reproductive organs.
Offspring produced are genetically different from either parent organism.
In some plants, water and wind help bring the sperm to the egg.
For other plants, animals such as insects help bring the sperm and egg together.

8. Sexual Reproduction (continued)
Reproductive Organs
Male reproductive organs produce sperm.
Female reproductive organs produce eggs.
If a plant has both organs it can reproduce by itself.
If organs are present on separate plants, sperm and egg must come together with the help of the elements.

9. Sexual Reproduction (continued)
For sexual reproduction, plants can either reproduce with seeds, or without seeds.

10. Why would the seed want stored food and a protective coat?
What is a Seed?
A structure that contains an embryo, stored food (in the cotyledon), and a protective coat.
Because the seed is so well protected and fed, the plant grown from it will grow faster compared to seedless plants. Seedless plants use spores to reproduce.
Why would the seed want stored food and a protective coat?

11. Types of Seed Reproducers

12. Two Types of Seed Reproducers
Angiosperms
What’s the difference?
Gymnosperms

13. Angiosperm
Angiosperms produce flowers which are used for sexual reproduction.

14. Angiosperm The stamen is the male reproductive organ.
The pistil, the female reproductive organ, contains the ovary at its base.
The appearance of a plant’s flower can give clues about how the plant is pollinated.
After pollination and fertilization, a zygote forms and grows into the plant embryo.

15. Zygote Parts of a Flower Petal Stigma Anther Style Pistil Filament
Stamen
Sepals
Ovary
Zygote

16. Where are the seeds found?
THE FRUIT. So…fruit is like the plant’s baby.
Fact: Fruits have seeds. Vegetables do not. A true vegetable is usually a root. (potato, carrots, onion)

17. Angiosperm
Parts of the ovule develop into the seed coat and store food for the embryo.
Some seeds store food in cotyledons.
Other seeds store food in endosperm tissue

18. A. Pollination happens when pollen grains from the anthers land on the sticky stigma of a pistil.
B. The pollen tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style and into the ovary at the ovule.
Angiosperm Life Cycle
C. The sperm travels down and fertilizes the egg. The zygote develops.

19. Gymnosperm
Gymnosperms develop seeds in cones.

20. Gymnosperm
A pine tree or shrub is a sporophyte plant that produces male and female cones.
A female cone has two ovules which produce eggs.
Male cones produce and release pollen.

21. Gymnosperm
When pollen blows into a female cone, fertilization and seed formation can occur.
Seed released by a female cone can take two or three years.

22. Gymnosperm

23. Seed Dispersal
Seeds are dispersed by wind, gravity, animals, and water. Some seeds have trapped air which helps them float.
Germination occurs when the seed coat swells and breaks open.
Environmental conditions affect germination.

24. Behold!
A Fruit!

25. Pollination and Seed Dispersal
Plant Earth
Pollination and Seed Dispersal