Topic: Ecology Learning Goal: I can describe relationships (producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host) as they occur in food webs. Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Ecology The study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment Types of habitats Marine- oceans (salt water) Freshwater- lakes, rivers and ponds Terrestrial- Land: deserts, jungles, forests etc. What is ecology?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Environment Organization INDIVIDUAL – One organism of a species. POPULATION- All of the organisms of the same species that live in the same area. COMMUNITY- All of the living organisms that live in the same area. ECOSYSTEM- All of the living organisms and nonliving factors in the same area. BIOSPHERE- Anywhere life is found on the planet. How is the environment organized?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Types of organisms Producers- organisms that produce their own food (plants) Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar) What is a producer?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar) What is photosynthesis?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Photosynthesis- Chemical process where plants use sunlight to make glucose (sugar)

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Compare and contrast the chemical equations for plants and animals?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Consumers: organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms Herbivores: Obtain energy by eating just plants How do consumers obtain energy? How do herbivores obtain energy?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Carnivores Obtain energy by eating just meat (other animals) How do carnivores obtain energy?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Omnivores Obtain energy by eating plants and animals How do omnivores obtain energy?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Decomposers Obtain energy by consuming waste and dead organisms How do decomposers obtain energy?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Food chain illustrates how consumers obtain energy from other organisms in an ecosystem How does a food chain illustrate energy flow in an ecosystem?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Food web- a few food chains connected together The arrow points to what animal is receiving the energy. For example, the fox receives its energy from rabbits, squirrels and mice. How does a food web illustrate energy flow in an ecosystem?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Symbiosis: any close relationship between species. What is symbiosis?

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit. Examples:  lichens (made up of algae and fungus): algae supplies energy to both organisms, fungus provides a protected space for algae to live What is mutualism? +/+ /

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Commensalism: a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is not affected Examples:  Clown fish (Nemo) and anemone: tentacles do not sting clown fish, fish is protected from predators. Anemone is not affected. What is commensalism? +/0 / 

Topic: Ecology Essential Question: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem? Parasitism a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other organism is harmed. Examples: Fleas, leaches, mosquitoes, ticks, bacteria, tapeworm, hookworms  Roundworms and dogs/cats: worm attaches to intestine and feeds on nutrients, animal can have pain, bloating diarrhea and possible death. What is the relationship between a parasite and a host? +/- / 

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Ecosystem a system involving the interactions between a community of living organisms in a particular area and its nonliving environment What is an ecosystem?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Limiting Factors anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. They are biotic and abiotic factors What are limiting factors?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Biotic Factors Living parts of the environment Examples: -animals -plants -bacteria What is a biotic factor?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Abiotic Factors Non-living parts of the environment Examples: - sunlight - air -water -temperature - space What is an abiotic factor?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Competition When more than one individual or population tries to make use of the same resource What is competition?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Intraspecific competition members of the same species compete for the same resources What is intraspecific competition?

Topic: Limiting Factors Essential Question: What do organisms depend on and compete for in an ecosystem? Interspecific competition When different species compete for resources What is interspecific competition?

Who is the predator? prey?

Food Web Which ecosystem are you most likely to find this food web? Is the snapper a consumer or producer? What would happen if all the algae in the ocean died?

Remember from 7 th Grade: Energy Pyramid Each level’s energy decreases by about 10% each time because energy is used for the organisms life functions.