1. Ecology One

2. Planet Earth http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thuViaxRd _w&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thuViaxRd _w&feature=related

3. Biosphere Biome Ecosystem Population Community Organism

4. Organization of the biosphere Biosphere- portion of the Earth that supports life

5. Large region with same plant life and climate Biome

6. Levels of Organization in the Biosphere http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKhQV Hc3Ao&NR=1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdKhQV Hc3Ao&NR=1

7. Population growth curves Exponential (J curve)- ideal conditions Logistic (S curve)- reaches carrying capacity Carrying capacity- population levels off, becomes stable.

8. When a Population Size Stays the Same We Say Is At…. ZPG= Zero Population Growth For this to happen: Birth Rate = Death Rate

9. What could have happened to this population? Major environmental change (like a disaster) or lack of resource availability.

10. Limiting Factors environmental factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive Two types – Density-dependent – Density-independent

11. Limiting Factors Density-dependent factors has increasing effect as the population increases Depends on how large the population is Examples: Food & Water supply Predators Parasitism Disease Shelter & Space

12. Limiting Factors Density-independent factors- affects all populations regardless of density Most abiotic factors earthquake storm temperature flood fire

13. Raising & Lowering Population Size Emigration-movement out of an area. You EXIT the area Immigration- movement into an area You move IN to the area

14. Relationships in the community Predator-Prey Relationships- As predator population goes up, prey population goes down.

15. Relationships in the community Types of competition Intraspecific competition- organisms of the same species compete for resources Interspecific competition- organisms of different species compete for resources

16. Relationships in the community Intraspecific competition Two Gemsbok antelope compete in a herd

17. Relationships in the community Interspecific competition African animals of different species compete for water resources Competition between lion and hyena

18. Relationships in the community Symbiosis- relationships between organisms where there is a close and permanent association among organisms Three types – Mutualism – Commensalism – Parasitism

19. Types of Symbiosis Mutualism- both organisms benefit The clown fish live in the tentacles of the sea anemone, which have poisonous stinging cells. A slime layer covering the clownfish make them immune to the stinging cells. The stinging tentacles of the sea anemone protect the clown fish from predators. The clownfish in turn protect the sea anemone from other fish that would feed on the anemone. Clownfish lay eggs within the sea anemone, which offers protection during their incubation and development.

20. Types of Symbiosis Commensalism- one organism benefits, the other is unaffected Barnacles attach to a whale’s tail. The barnacles get a home and transport, and the whale is not affected.

21. Types of Symbiosis Parasitism- one organism benefits, the other is harmed A tapeworm lives inside another animal, attaching itself to the host's gut and absorbing its host's food. The host loses nutrition, and may develop weight loss, diarrhea and vomiting. Usually parasites do not kill the host before they move on, as this would cut off their food supply.

22. Symbiotic relationships http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z SmL2F1t81Q&feature=fvwrel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= NRqEYroujqA

23. Community Interactions Habitat- place where organism lives Niche- role and position a species has in its needs for food and shelter all interactions with living and non-living parts of its environment Only one organism can occupy a niche in an ecosystem Example: a predator feeding on weak or sick animals in an ecosystem

24. Habitat vs niche http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6N 2diE8jc&feature=rela ted http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6N 2diE8jc&feature=rela ted

25. Abiotic factors- non- living parts of the environment Ex.- air temp.,water, light, soil Biotic factors- all living organisms that inhabit an environment Parts of the ecosystem

26. Biotic and abiotic factors http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woSO0D 94VGA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woSO0D 94VGA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y- wpbhnom70&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y- wpbhnom70&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1pp_7- yTN4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1pp_7- yTN4

27. Nutrition and Energy Flow The ultimate source of energy is… the SUN!

28. Nutrition and Energy Flow Autotroph/Producers use sun’s energy to create chemical compounds (photosynthesis) Ex. – plants and algae Food Chains- shows how matter and energy flow from autotroph to heterotroph to decomposer Herbivores/Primary Consumers- feeds on plants Carnivores/ Secondary or Tertiary Consumers- feed on other animals Heterotrophs/Consumers- organisms that feed on other organisms

29. Omnivore- organism that eats both plants and animals Nutrition and Energy Flow

30. Decomposers- break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms Ex.- fungi and bacteria

31. Nutrition and Energy Flow Food Webs- all possible feeding relationships in a community

32. Nutrition and Energy Flow Trophic Levels- a feeding step in a food chain only pass on approximately 10% of energy to next trophic level

33. Nutrition and Energy Flow

34. Energy Pyramid shows the relative amount of energy at each trophic level (measured in calories or Kcals) Average energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is 10% Biomass Pyramid Shows the total amount of living tissue within trophic level Pyramid of Numbers Shows the relative number of organisms at each trophic level Highest quantity on the bottom  lowest on the top

35. Nutrition and Energy Flow Pyramid of Energy- shows loss of energy at each trophic level

36. Nutrition and Energy Flow Pyramid of Biomass- shows amount of mass at each trophic level

37. Nutrition and Energy Flow

38. Food Web and Trophic levels http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4T AO4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWvtRf4T AO4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh- XKhh8xo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWh- XKhh8xo http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation _id=annotation_710147&feature=iv&src_vid= qtZcN4bzsrA&v=qUZkWZ12A8s http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation _id=annotation_710147&feature=iv&src_vid= qtZcN4bzsrA&v=qUZkWZ12A8s

39. Nutrition and Energy Flow Energy flows through an ecosystem, cannot be recycled Matter (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen) cycles in an ecosystem

40. Cycles in an Ecosystem Water Cycle

41. Cycles in an Ecosystem Carbon Cycle http://www.youtube.com /watch?v=pSDFEJ_O13M