2. Competition – two species share a requirement for a limited resource  reduces fitness of one or both species

3. Predation – one species feeds on another  enhances fitness of predator but reduces fitness of prey herbivory is a form of predation

4. Symbiosis – two species live together  can include parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism

5. Parasitism – one species feeds on another  enhances fitness of parasite but reduces fitness of host

6. Mutualism – two species provide resources or services to each other  enhances fitness of both species

7. Commensalism – one species receives a benefit from another species  enhances fitness of one species; no effect on fitness of the other species

8. Ecology – the study of the interactions b/tw organisms & their environment Herbivore – A consumer that eats plants Ex – prarie dog Carnivore – A consumer that ears animals. Omnivore – a consumer that eats a variety of organisms Scavenger – an animal that feeds on the bodies of dead animals biosphere ecosystems communities populations Individual organisms producers consumers herbivores carnivores Producer consumer decomposer Niche Habitat PreyPredator Symbiosis Mutualism CommensalismParasitism Biotic Abiotic Living part of the environment Nonliving part, water, soil, light, etc. 2 Parts – Biotic and Abiotic Part of Earth where life exists Organisms and their nonliving environment All the pops of different species Same species Organism that uses sunlight To make food (direct) Organisms that eat producers or other organisms (see list on the left) Bacteria and Fungi that breakdown the remains of dead animals The environment where an organism lives An organism’s way of life (its job) An organism that is eaten by another organism An organism that eats another organism A close, long term relationship between 2 or more species Both species benefit. (a type of symbiosis) One species benefits and one is not affected One species benefits and one is harmed Sun provides energy for living things