Warm-Up Think of a time when you had a conflict with someone. How did both sides act? What happened as tensions increased. Write about the incident on the right side of your notebook.

The Cold War Begins Cold War – –intense rivalry –No actual fighting –Lasted 50 years –The West (US and our allies) vs East (Soviet Union and its allies)

Origins of the Cold War During WWII the US & Great Britain worked together with the Soviets but distrusted them. US Great Britain Disliked rejection of religion and private property. Angered by attempts to overthrow noncommunist governments. Soviets desire to destroy free enterprise systems. Soviet Union Distrusted Western Powers Feared US would attack Soviet Union Feared US would try to rebuild Germany to challenge Soviet Union

Broken Promises Post WWII – Soviets occupied most of Eastern Europe. Stalin promised to hold free elections – but did not. These countries became known as satellite nations or politically and economically controlled by a more powerful nation. Satellite Nations used harsh dictatorship to rule.

The “Iron Curtain” The Iron Curtain cut off Soviet run Eastern Europe from democratic governments of the West. Other communist parties, backed by Stalin gained popularity in Italy and Greece.

The United States Responds Kennan = Containment American diplomat whose goal was to keep communism from spreading. He did not believe Stalin would risk soviet security for expansion or war with the U.S. No quick, easy solution to Soviet threat. Containment would require economic, political, and military commitment. Truman Doctrine Military and economic aid to countries to fight off communism The Marshall Plan Aids Europe’s Economies that were devastated post WWII. Secretary of State George Marshall plan to give $13 billion in grants and loans to countries that needed it. It increased trade as those countries bought US goods. It created good relationships that worked to stop communist expansion.

Ticket Out Use the following information to create a pie chart of the shipments financed by the Marshall Plan, Raw Materials – 37% Food & other produce – 32% Fuel – 16% Machines & Vehicles – 14% Other – 1% Left side of your notebook

Shipments financed by the Marshall Plan

Results of the Airlift

Berlin Wall West Germany = rebuilt economy (with American aid) and became prosperous East Germany = much poorer, undemocratic government East Germans fled into West Germany embarrassing the communists 1961 – East Germans built a wall sealing off East Germany Separated families and friends Bitter symbol of the Cold War

Berlin Wall Images

New Alliances North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationWarsaw Pact NATO – US and Western European Countries Goal was to defend Western Europe against Soviets Soviets created its own alliance with neighbors Response to NATO United Nations – World Organization. 51 Nations agree to bring problems for a peaceful settlement. fight hunger and disease improve education provide food, medicine, supplies

1949 – Year of Shocks US felt it had “been winning the cold war” since we were the only ones with the atomic bomb. US learns Soviets have it too. Communists forces led by Mao Zedong gained power in China Together China and Soviet controlled ¼ of the globe. Americans feared communism could spread.