United States Immigration “Explore and Review Questions”

Page List 4 reasons for the increase in immigration. 1. Hope for better opportunities - (example: jobs). 2.Escaping Oppressive Governments. 3.Adventure in the United States. 4. Religious freedom. - (example: Jews from Poland, Germany, & Russia).

Page What are the 3 reasons cities grew and developed? 1.The rapid growth of specialized industries that created jobs. (e: Steel manufacturing in Pittsburgh). 2. Immigration mainly from Europe. (e: 37 million from ). 3. Migration from rural to urban areas due to Mechanization.

3. How did this rapid industrialization and urbanization negatively affect immigrants? Overpopulation in cities brought about crime, filth, poverty, disease, & the creation of slum housing known as “tenements” in ghettoes.

4. What was the Hull House and who founded it? The Hull House was “settlement house” that provided aid to new immigrants. Founded by Jane Addams in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois.

Page What role did the Hull House play in helping immigrants? It helped immigrants to “settle” into American life by providing help learning English, finding a job, a safe place to live, child care, and various services to cope with the stress of a hard life in a new land.

6.How were the Chinese and Irish immigrants treated during the late 1800s and early 1900s? Irish & Chinese were given the most difficult jobs, low pay, long hours, & were often turned away from jobs due to discrimination. Ex: The Chinese Exclusion Act: 1883 law that kept all but 105 Chinese a year from immigrating to the U.S.

7. Define “political machines.” Corrupt, dishonest, and very powerful politicians who did anything to ensure their candidates won election. Ex: “Boss” Tweed of New York often accepted bribes and kickbacks (graft) which made him exceptionally rich.

8. How did political machines gain power in the United States? Political machines gave their supporters government jobs & kickbacks. Gained the vote of new immigrants. Often used threats, tricks, or violence to keep other candidates from office.

9. How did advances in transportation link resources, products, and services? - Through the use and building of hundreds of connecting railroads across the United States to large cities, raw materials, & industries.

10. Why were manufacturing areas located by centers of population? -Large centers of population like New York, Boston, and Pittsburgh provided many willing workers for growing industries such as steel or meat-packing during the industrialization era.

11. Where was the textile industry located? Mainly in large cities in New England. -Ex: Boston, MA

12. Where was the automobile industry located ? -Detroit, Michigan -known a “motor city”

13. Where was the steel industry located? -Pittsburgh, PA

14. How did industrialization and urbanization affect Americans living in rural, agricultural areas? -Due to “mechanization,” human labor was replaced by machines in rural areas (farms). -Many Americans flocked to cities to find jobs in the growing industries.

15. Name 2 inventions and its inventor which created great change and industrialized growth in the United States. Invention: Telephone Inventor: Bell Invention: Light bulb Inventor: Edison

16. Why did these inventions have such an enormous impact on the United States? -Light Bulb: It provided a reliable & safe source of light allowing the work day to be extended leading to increased production of goods. -Phone: Provided fast and easy access to communication & information over long distances.