INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY. DEFINITIONS Anatomy -“to cut apart” -Study of Bodily Structure -Includes: *Systemic or Regional *Gross or Microscopic.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

DEFINITIONS Anatomy -“to cut apart” -Study of Bodily Structure -Includes: *Systemic or Regional *Gross or Microscopic *Developmental *Imaging

DEFINITIONS continued Physiology -“study of nature” -Study of Bodily Function -Includes: *Cell Physiology *Pathophysiology *Immunology *Exercise Physiology

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Chemical -Atoms, Molecules Cellular -Organelles, Cells Tissue -Groups of Cells Organ -2 or more tissue types -Specific functions -Recognizable shape

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION continued System -Groups of organs with common functions -11 organ systems Organismal -Highest level -All parts of organism

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Maintain Boundaries -Inside/Outside -Cell Membranes, Integument Movement Responsiveness -Sense & React Digestion -Breakdown & Absorb

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE continued Metabolism -Cellular Chemical Reactions Excretion Growth -Increase in Size and/or Number of Cells Reproduction -Cellular & Organismal

FACTORS REQUIRED FOR LIFE Water Food Oxygen Heat Pressure

HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis -“Unchanging” -Maintaining a relatively stable internal environment, regardless of external conditions. -Allows changes within narrow limits. -“Dynamic Equilibrium”

HOMEOSTASIS continued -Requires: *Receptor – to detect changes *Control Center – to determine set point (normal) and appropriate response to deviations *Effector – to respond to change

REGULATION OF HOMEOSTASIS Negative Feedback System -Common -Reverses Change -Results in Fluctuations about Set Point Positive Feedback System -Rare -Change is increased -May be Harmful

TERMINOLOGY Anatomical Position -Erect, Palms Forward Directional Terms -Explain Relative Location of Body Parts -Many Paired Opposites Regional Terms -Refer to Specific Body Parts, Regions -Divided into Anterior & Posterior Landmarks

TERMINOLOGY continued Body Planes -Frontal (Coronal) *Vertical, Divides into Anterior & Posterior -Transverse *Horizontal, Divides into Superior & Inferior -Sagittal (Para- & Mid-) *Vertical, Divides into Right & Left -Oblique *Diagonal, Between Vertical & Horizontal

TERMINOLOGY continued Body Cavities (Protect & Allow for Growth/Change) Dorsal & Ventral form during embryological development -Dorsal *Cranial - Brain *Spinal or Vertebral – Spinal Cord

BODY CAVITIES continued -Ventral *Thoracic  Pleural - Lungs  Mediastinal – Between Lungs  Pericardial – Heart; division of mediastinal *Abdominopelvic  Abdominal (Peritoneal)  Pelvic

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