. Today’s Goal Describe the new philosophies emerging in China and how Legalism was used by the Qin Dynasty.
Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, B.C. Established China’s first empire “First Emperor” = Shi Huangdi ( B.C.) “Strengthen the trunk & weaken the branches” Legalist rule Bureaucratic administration Centralized control Military expansion
Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty, B.C. Prevented criticism & opposition Book burnings Buried protestors alive Autocracy – gov’t w/unlimited power & uses it however it wishes Program of Centralization Highway & road networks Set standards for writing, law, currency, weights & measures Harsh taxes & cruel gov’t
Great Wall of China Closed gaps in pre- existing wall & extend along border Hundreds of thousands of peasant laborers “work or die” Built upon later by the Han & Ming Dynasties Today it is 8,851.8 kilometers (5,500 miles) from east to west of China
Great Wall of China
Fall of the Qin Shi Huangdi’s son was an ineffective ruler Peasant rebellion Replaced by Han Dynasty
Shi Huangdi’s Terra Cotta Army
Confucianism Restore order & moral living Five basic relationships (ruler subject, father son, husband wife, older bro younger bro, friend friend) Filial piety - respect for parents & ancestors Education!!! Bureaucracy (trained civil service)
Daoism Laozi Dao De Jing (“The Way of Virtue”) Natural order more important than social order the Dao (“Way”) is universal force which guides all things Live simply & in harmony with nature
Legalism Efficient & powerful gov’t needed to restore order Rewards for obedient; harsh punishments for disobedient Control ideas & actions
Other Ethical Systems I Ching book of oracles to solve ethical or practical problems Yin & yang represented the natural rhythms of life Yin = cold, dark, soft, mysterious Yang = warm, bright, hard, clear
Masculine Masculine Active Active Light Light Warmth Warmth Strong Strong Heaven; Sun Heaven; Sun Feminine Feminine Passive Passive Darkness Darkness Cold Cold Weak Weak Earth; Moon Earth; Moon