1. Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism

2. The Warring States Period
Warfare broke out between nobles at the end of Zhou dynasty
Led to period of upheaval and chaos
People began to think about the best way to restore:
Social order
Harmony
Respect for authority

3. Confucius
551 BC- 479 BC
Developed a theory of how to establish stability in China

4. Confucianism Confucius believed that: People are naturally good
People should treat each other humanely
Importance of education in creating good, stable government
Need for educated civil servants
Individual must find and accept their proper place in society

5. 5 Principle Relationships
1. Ruler
Subject
2. Father
Son
3. Husband
Wife
4. Older Brother
Younger Brother
5. Older Friend
Younger Friend

7. The Analects
Book containing Confucius thoughts on how to improve society
Became the basis for Chinese civil service exams and bureaucracy
Government workers

8. Sayings from The Analects
Knowing what he knows and knowing what he doesn’t know, is characteristics of the person who knows.
Making a mistake and not correcting it, is making another mistake.
The superior man blames himself; the inferior man blames others.
To go too far is as wrong as to fall short.

9. Stones Engraved with Confucius' Life Stories

10. Daoism/Taoism Started by a man named Lao Tsu who lived about 600 BC
Is a philosophy (way of thinking) but turned into a religion
Lao Tsu believed that people needed to go with the flow (wu-wei) let nature take its course

11. The Universe of Opposites:
Find the Balance!
Yin
Masculine
Active
Light
Warmth
Strong
Heaven; Sun
Feminine
Passive
Darkness
Cold
Weak
Earth; Moon
Yang

12. Daoism
Believed that education and politics are not necessary for harmony
Natural flow of events would solve problems
Stressed importance of individuals and less government

13. Legalism Founded by Han Feizi
Lived during the Warring States period
Became the political philosophy of the Qin Dynasty

14. Principles of Legalism
Human nature is naturally selfish; humans are by nature evil
Rulers needed to be strong and govern through force
Laws must be strict and based on rewards and punishments to maintain order
Supported harsh penalties
Branding and mutilation for minor crimes

15. Principles of Legalism
Placed little value on education
should be controlled by government
Ideas needed to be strictly controlled
Rulers should burn all writings that are critical of the government
War is needed to strengthen the rulers power

17. The Question
How do we best achieve social order and harmony in society??
Confucianism --> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.

18. Activity
You know that you are failing a class. If your parents find out, you will be in trouble. How do you handle this situation?
Your friend tries to get you to start smoking. How do you handle this situation?

19. Activity (cont.)
3. A student has just found $20 in the hall. What should they do?
4. A student's parents have just spent a lot of money on a new outfit. The student has been playing around and has gotten ink all over it. What should they tell their parents, or should they?
5. A student really likes a new student in school, but all the other students are making fun of the new student's clothes. How should the first student act?

20. Activity (cont.)
3. A student sees an opportunity to take something they have really wanted, without being caught. How should that student act?

21. Confucianism
1. Inform parents. Apologize for not living up to standards expected; promise to try and do better
2. Inform whoever was smoking that their behavior was wrong, report this action to the principal, avoid these people until they corrected their wrong doing.
3. Would not take it. It's against the rules.

22. Taoism
1. Not worry about it and hope the problem will go away. (Taoists more probably would try to recognize why they are failing, and do something to change their behavior if it would make them happier.)
2. Announce pleasantly that smoking would make them unhappy because its bad for your health.
3. Would not take it. They would have feelings about it that might complicate their life.

23. Legalism
1. Inform parents, expect and accept punishment.
2. Inform the principal.
3. Would not take it. It's against the law.

24. China Review
What are two natural barriers that influenced the development of civilization in China?
Identify one effect these barriers had on China

25. China Review What is this structure
What does it tell us about the Chinese view of the outside world?