1. Unit 2 Classical Civilizations China & India
The Warring States

2. Warring States B.C.E

3. Chaos and War
Zhou dynasty collapsed and local lords began fighting for power and territory
This time of crisis became known as the “the warring states”
In response to crisis schools of thought were introduced to restore order
Confucianism
Daoism
Legalism

5. Warring States

6. Confucianism
Confucius (kuhn●FYOO●shuhs) was china’s most influential scholar
His goal was to restore social order, harmony, and good government
He stressed filial piety in his teachings, or respect for parents and ancestors

7. 5 Great Relationships
Confucius taught five great relationships between
Ruler and subject
Father and son
Husband and wife
Elder and younger brother
Friend and friend

8. Confucianism and Government
Confucius taught that education was the key to moral effective leadership and government
To become a gentleman or a moral individual one must follow 4 virtues
In his private conduct [one]he was courteous
In serving his master [one] he was punctilious [precise]
In providing for the needs of the people [one] he gave more than their due
In exacting service from the people, [one] he was just

9. Effects of Confucianism
Confucianism was never a religion, but a ethical system based on principles of right and wrong
Confucius left a legacy that taught people to engage in learning both to develop one’s personal moral character and to gain knowledge that is useful in serving others

11. Daoism
A Chinese thinker named Laozi (low●dzuh) believed only natural order was important, or the relations among all living things.
He describes in his book Dao De Jing (The Way of Virtue) a universal force called the Dao (dow) meaning “the Way”
Humans beings should live simply and in harmony and nature

12. Legalism
Two political thinkers Hanfeizi & Li Si believed in a powerful strict government would restore order, creating legalism
Rewards and harsh punishments to produce conformity to the rule of clear and well developed laws

13. Strong Civil Order
Legalists believed government must control ideas and actions
Burned all academic writings that would encourage(d) criticizing the government

14. Other Schools of Thought
Some people were not interested in philosophy and sought answers through other schools of thought
I Ching: Solved by using oracle strategies by making predications based on simple advise & common sense
Yin and Yang: Two powers that represent the rhythm of life bring balance and understanding in the world