1. Persia

2. The Persians Backed empire on tolerance and diplomacy, unlike Assyria. Ancient Persia includes modern day Iran. Cyrus the Great – Founder of the great Persian empire, over 2,000 miles long. Very tolerant of nations conquered. Did not allow burning or looting of conquered cities. Allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem in 538 B.C.E.

3. Persian Rule Son of Cyrus, Cambyses failed in ruling the empire. Burned images of Egyptian gods. Died 8 years after beginning to rule causing widespread rebellion. Darius was his successor. 10,000 Persian immortals – his bodyguards and soldiers. First years were spent quelling rebellions, later years empire building. Led armies to conquer modern day Afghanistan and then India. Only failure was his inability to conquer Greece.

4. Darius is a genius! Divided empire into 20 provinces. People practiced their own religion, spoke their own language, and practiced their own laws. Darius installed a governor in each province, called a Satrap. Also appointed a military leader and tax collector, and inspectors known as the “King’s Eyes and Ears.” Royal Road – Excellent system of roads for communication through the empire. Ran from Persia to Turkey, at 1,677 miles. Promoted trade - Standardized use of coins. No more weighing gold and silver.

5. The Royal Road

6. Unification of China

7. Confucius and the Social Order Confucius – China’s most influential scholar. Desire to restore China’s ancient order. 5 Basic Relationships to restore good China 1.Ruler and subject 2.Father and son 3.Husband and wife 4.Older brother and younger brother 5.Friend and friend Filial Piety – respect for parents and ancestors. Lifetime devotion, even after death through rituals. Analects – book of Confucius’ collected words.

8. Confucian Ideas About Gov’t Bureaucracy – trained civil service, or those who run the gov’t Confucianism is not a religion, but an ethical system base on accepting principles of right and wrong.

9. Other Ethical Systems Daoism – the philosophy of Laozi (natural order) Laozi – “only the natural order was important” Dao – universal force meaning “the way” Only humans fail to follow the Dao Legalism – gov’t should use law to end civil disorder and restore harmony. Rewards and harsh punishments I Ching – book of oracles Yin (cold and mysterious) & Yang (warm & clear) – two powers that represent the natural rhythm of life.

13. The Qin Dynasty Replaced Zhou Dynasty Shi Huangdi – “first emperor” Established autocracy – gov’t that has unlimited power and uses it however they want. Began connecting small walls of the future great wall of china! “work on the wall or die” Qin dynasty falls and China searches for the best way to govern their empire, meanwhile so was Ancient Greece…