The Spanish and French Build Empires Chapter 2 Section 1

Conquistador Chart Read pgs. 50-53 People/Lands Conquered Hernan Cortes

New Spain All the lands acquired by conquistadors in Central America and the United States

Spanish Settle the Southwest Failure to find gold in SW United States slowed settlement in this region Juan de Onate migrated north of Rio Grande Gave thanks reaching Rio Grand New Mexico Territory north of New Spain Built forts called presidios, for protection Few Spaniards migrated to NM

Spanish Settle the Southwest Driving force for colonizing in the Southwest was the Catholic Church Priest built missions to spread the Catholic faith among Navajo and Pueblo people in NM Junipero Serra took missionaries to California Established a chain of missions from San Diego to San Francisco El Camino Real=Royal Highway

Spanish Settle the Southwest California Priests and missionaries forced natives to live close to the missions New Mexico Priest adapted to the lifestyle of the Pueblo Built churches near the Pueblo Tried to end traditional Pueblo religious practices Pope ,Pueblo religious leader, organized an uprising 17,000 warriors destroyed most of the missions in NM

Spanish American Society Society in the New Spain was a product of Spanish conquest Society reflected goals of conquistadors=wealth and prestige Encomienda System Read Encomienda System on pg. 54. Society Based on Class Peninsulares-people born in Spain, usually appointed to highest positions Criollos (Creoles)-those born in colonies to Spanish parents, were wealthy but couldn’t obtain high colonial positions Mestizos- mixed Spanish and Native American , middle class to poor

Spanish American Society Mulatto- mixed African and Spanish ancestry African Native Americans Last 3 groups provided most of the labor New Spain's farms, ranches, and mines Council of Indies- advised the king and watched over all colonial activities

Mining and Ranching Established mines to extract minerals from the ground Wanted gold, instead found huge deposits of silver in N. Mexico Established ranches to feed the miners Land was to dry to grow large amounts of food Created large ranches called haciendas, herded sheep and cattle Were worked by vaqueros

French Empire in America King Francis I of France sent Giovanni Verranzo to map North America’s coast line Wanted to find the Northwest Passage- northern route through N.A. to the Pacific Ocean Paved the way for French explorers to explore N.A.

French Explorer Discovery (land, lakes, rivers) Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette Rene-Robert Cavelier de La Salle

New France Colony established by the French in North America Life in New France Colony grew slowly=didn’t want to settle Were interested in making $=fur trade coureurs de bois-runners of the woods lived among Native Americans=traded fur Jesuit missionaries also lived among N.A.s

New France Expands In 1663, King Louis XIV made New France a royal colony Shipped 4000 immigrants 900 women=wives for single men Women married between 16 & 20=given a royal wedding Families with more than 10 children=received financial bonuses By 1670, population grew to 7,000 and by 1760 over 60,000

Settling Louisiana Count Frontenac=governor of New France Wanted to ship fur down Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico to France Unable to b/c of there were no good harbors Heat=spoiled food Swamps=mosquitoes=malaria In 1698, Lord d’Iberville founded Biloxi Followed by Mobile and New Orleans Built forts up the Miss. River

Settling Louisiana French settlers grew several crops in S. L.A. to survive Sugar, rice, tobacco, and Indigo Required hard manual labor=settlers wouldn’t work unless paid well Led to slaves being used=By 1721, 1,800 enslaved Africans

Rivalry With Spain French and Spanish empires bordered each other There was no serious threat=settling in different areas Spain=SW U.S. French=along the Miss. River