1. Spain and the Americas J.A.SACCO

2. Causes of Colonization Religious freedom Find gold/silver Establish empires for the mother nation Government persecution Expand a nations economy abroad Second chance in life

3. Spain vs. Portugal Early Exploration/Colonization led by two nations- Spain and Portugal Conflict prevented by Pope Alexander VI in the Treaty of Tordesillas (1493) Spain Portugal *given claims to New World *given claims to Brazil and trade routes east

4. Treaty of Tordesillas

5. The “Conquistadores” Who were the “conquistadores”?

6. Hernando De Soto (1539-1541) Mississippi River In search of riches

7. Hernan Cortes (1521) Destruction of the Aztec empire Seeking slave labor for Cuba/riches of the region Built capital of New Spain over the ruins of Tenochtitlan “We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart that only gold can cure.”

8. Francisco Pizarro (1533) Overthrew the Incas in Peru Seeking riches in region Took King Atahualpa hostage- later executed

9. Francisco Coronado (1540-1542) SW of what was to become the United States-Grand Canyon

10. New Spain

11. Effects of Spanish Colonization Columbian Exchange

12. Effect of Spanish Colonization  Disease  Large supply of silver  Built “presidios”- forts for protection/also served as trade posts

13. Effect of Spanish Colonization Missions to spread Roman Catholicism/Eur. Culture  Led by Franciscan priest Junipero Serra  Built missions in San Diego/San Francisco  Teach the Pueblo people Catholicism and European culture  Often used violence to those who resisted those teachings

14. The Encomienda System New social system established by the Spainish based on the feudal system of the Middle Ages What is the feudal system?

15. The Encomienda System Title of “encomendero” given as a reward to control Native American villages. Encomendero Native Americans Encomendero protect Native Americans/convert to Christianity Pay to encomendero part of what is produced

16. The Encomienda System and Social Status Social Order Peninsulares Sp. Born-high gov’t and church positions Criollos Born in colonies of Sp. Parents. Wealthy but not become Peninsulares. Mestizos Mixed Sp.and Nat. Amer. Merchants, artisans, Shopkeepers. Mostly poor. Labor Nat.Amer. and African ancestry. Provide labor.

17. Government in Spanish America Council of the Indies  Advisory board of King  Special court- audencia were administrators and lawmakers  Organized around viceroyalties- each governed by a viceroy

18. Economy of Spanish America Not based on gold but silver Climate very dry- not grow crops but could raise large herds of cattle and sheep Huge ranches called haciendas/ led by a vaqueros (cowboy)