1. Life in the New World

2. Spain Location: California to South America Called the Five Provinces
Most important – New Spain (Mexico) & Peru
Government: Council of Indies
Viceroy
Audiencias (advisory councils of Spanish settlers)

3. Let’s get it together people…..
Religion: Catholic Church – key role for converting the Natives
Authority – royal officials
Franciscan & Jesuit missionaries

4. Its all about the money, money, money!!!
Economy
Mercantilism – the idea that in order for a country to become powerful, that country needs to control the goods and money
How? You ask?
Through controlling the raw materials as well as the finished products

5. Colonies could ONLY export goods (raw materials) to Spain
Buy ONLY Spanish manufactured goods
NO trade allowed with any other European country or other colonies including other Spanish colonies

6. Goods included sugar cane (molasses & rum)
Plantations needed workers
This means SLAVES

7. Who is going to do the work?
Encomiendas
Bartolome deLas Casas – priest who fought against the use of Natives as slaves
“New Law of the Indies” (1542) – forbid the use of Natives as slave but made them “peons” – people who work for very little pay
This led to introducing Africans as slaves in the “New World”.

8. Society:
Peninsulares – born in Spain
Creoles – American born from Spanish descent
Mestizos – mixed descent of Spanish (European) and Natives
Mulattoes – mixed descent of Spanish (European) and Africans

9. Cities – high population
Center of government, commerce, culture

10. Education: Universities (University of Mexico – 1551)
Built by Catholic Churches
Women not allowed – convents established instead of schools for girls

11. Portugal Location: Brazil Government: Similar to Spanish
Economy: Focused on woods & dye
Stayed by the coast
Focused on fishing
Forced Natives and Africans to work as slaves

12. France Location: Newfoundland, Canada Called “New France”
1608 – 1st settlement (Champlain) in Quebec
Eventually spread from the Great Lakes down the Mississippi River to Louisiana (Gulf of Mexico)

13. Who’s got the power? Government: King Louis XIV needed money
Appointed officials to keep control over settlements
Sent settlers and soldiers
Prohibited Protestants from settling

14. Beliefs and Money……perfect together
Religion: Catholicism
Economy: Started out as farmers but became fishermen, fur trappers and traders

15. English
Location: North America (13 original colonies from Maine to Georgia)
1607 – 1st settlement (Jamestown) VA
1620 – 2nd settlement (Plymouth) MA
Both survived with help from the Natives
Some settled for religious purposes while others for commercial profit

16. Government Royal governors (appointed by the King)
Regulation of colonial trade
Allowed more self-government than other colonies
Representative assemblies (propertied men) made local decisions

17. Economy Goods included: Tobacco, rice, cotton
Plantations needed workers = SLAVES
Trade allowed with other countries NOT just England (at first)

18. Netherlands Fought with England, Spain & France for colonies
Lost to England in 1664
New Netherlands became New York
Controlled Caribbean Islands with sugar plantations