5 Minutes TO STUDY FOR TODAYS QUIZ!!!! - WWII Conferences - Theories / Short Term & Long Term Causes of Cold War - NATO & Warsaw Pact - Germany & Berlin

Main points of tension in Europe from 1947 – 1949 George Keenan (author of the Long Telegram – which argued the Soviets were a dangerous and expansionist state which would never co-operate with the US) wrote the Mr. X article in 1947 stating “United States policy towards the Soviet Union must be that of a long term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies” CIA intervened in both Italian and French politics to counter local communist influence Conducted covert operations in Albania, the Baltic States, Poland and Ukraine This activity fueled Stalin’s desire to increase control of E. Europe Also wanted to integrate those economies of those states into that of the Soviet Union

Real World Connection ~ Its still going on TODAY!!!!!! warns-of-a-russian-nuclear-war-over-ukraine/ warns-of-a-russian-nuclear-war-over-ukraine/

Soviet takeover of E. Europe During the summer of 1947 – following the implementation of the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan Soviet influence and control of Eastern Europe was stepped up Resulted in increasing communist – dominated governments in Poland, Hungary, Romania, Albania Soviets saw Europe as being divided between two camps Believed control of E. Europe was essential for security East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria would all become communist – all were enemies during WWII

Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe Poland – Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, new deputy prime minister and leader of Peasants Party was uncooperative and elections were postponed Communist manipulated elections and ensured a communist victory Bulgaria - Communist party ignored Soviet agreements about allowing representatives of opposition a role in gov’t – by 1947 communist in control – activities of main opposition increasingly restricted Hungary – In 1946 a coalition gov’t was set up but by summer of 1947 prime minister Ferenc Nagy forced to resign – resulted in communist victory

Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe Romania – gov’t in place led by Dr Petra Groza which included representatives of National Peasants & Liberals which was recognized by the West – by 1947 Communist Party established itself Czechoslovakia - different situation – support for Czech Communist Party and Soviet Union was strong – 1946 won 38% of vote – in 1948 communists would win over 66% of seats in gov’t Sept Soviet control of Eastern European countries took a step further when the communist parties met in Poland Agreed to set up the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) – Intended to coordinate different communist gov’t of Eastern Europe and communist parties in Western Europe ‘Two Camps’ Doctrine – Soviet response to the Truman Doctrine – announced by Andrei Zhdanov – said post war world divided into two camps Argued that by means of Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan US was attempting European domination

How did the First Cold War develop in Europe? FDR did not see the Soviet Union as a serious threat FDR was prepared to make some concessions – believed Soviets desired THREE things A sphere of Influence in Eastern Europe (Middle East and Asian States that also had borders with the Soviet Union Reparations from former Axis Powers (Germany) US financial support in reconstructing Soviet Union FDR expected concessions would be on American terms

Yugoslavia Marshal Tito – leading member of Communist Party – resisted Axis forces during WWII Tito ignored Stalin’s instructions to form a coalition govt with non – communist parties and instead established a communist gov’t The ‘Percentages Agreement’ – 1944 After the Tehran Conference and D-Day invasion Churchill & Stalin met in Moscow – made informal agreement concerning influence in south-eastern and eastern Europe 1948 Yogoslav Communist Party backed him and arrested Stalin Yugoslav supporters Stalin pulled all economic and military advisers in March 1948 Yugoslavia was expelled from Cominform

Sovietisation and the ‘peoples’ With Cominform established, the Soviet Union pushed hard for ‘peoples’ democracies to be established in Eastern Europe Economies would be planned and modeled along Soviet model Local communist party leaders were replaced with those selected by Stalin himself Soviet control over satellite states strengthened

Origins of the Cold War Political Cartoon Assignment Create a political cartoon that demonstrates understanding of the origins and causes of the Cold War: Must include Title 3 Messages Visual / Picture Summary