Question of the day: How would YOU answer this question: Generally speaking people are… Responsible and resilient Fragile and in need of assistance In need of strong leaders

Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution Chapters: 7.4 10.2 Benchmark 2: 1. (K) explains essential concepts from the Scientific Revolution (e.g., the Heliocentric Theory; Natural Law; scientific method). 2.▲(K) explains essential concepts from the Enlightenment that represented a turning point in intellectual history (e.g., ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Mary Wollstonecraft, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Enlightened despotism, salons).

What is the "Enlightenment?” Philosophical movement inspired by the concept of “reason” What is “reason”? Dictionary= “rational motive for a belief or action” NOT a single school of thought It’s more a set of values. At the core, it’s a questioning of traditional ideas and a strong belief in rationality and science.

Salons- Review from Salon Musings When? 1600s Where? France England What? Meeting places of writers and artists Fashionable places of rich French

Salons- Review from Salon Musings Who? Madame de Rambouillet “Bluestockings” Men in London, men and women in France How? Salons are social clubs, London coffee houses are business gatherings Why? Salons are important in history because they are the great meeting places of Enlightenment thinkers and ideas

Important Enlightenment Thinkers Locke Hobbes Voltaire Montesquieu Wollstonecraft Rousseau

John Locke English philosopher Two Important Essays: Essay Concerning Human Understanding Every person is born with a “tabula rasa” People are shaped by their experiences and environments Two Treatises of Government The state (gov’t) exists to preserve the natural rights of its citizens When the state fails to do so, the people have the right to rebel. Use example of Social Security—some in the generation older believe the gov’t has betrayed their “contract” with the people to provide money for retirement b/c the money will be gone—and they are still paying into it OR what if your parents promised you concert tickets to lady gaga for getting straight A’s…but you find out that the concert is sold out---your contract is void and you don’t have to earn straight “a”s

John Locke 3 Natural Rights Life: everyone is entitled to live once they are created. Liberty: everyone is entitled to do anything they want to so long as it doesn't conflict with the first right. Estate: everyone is entitled to own all they create or gain so long as it doesn't conflict with the first two rights

Thomas Hobbes English philosopher Important book: Leviathan Coined “state of nature”- men were constantly battling each other UNTIL… A government was established The people and the gov’t operate under a “social contract” Theory says man gives up some rights/power in return for the protection offered by the gov’t Gov’t agrees to protect the people in return for the power the people give it

Thomas Hobbes Essential Natural Right Life- man can use power to ensure the preservation of his own life

Word Walls That Teach! Each table is assigned 2 terms from lecture Your job… Front of Paper Under the printed word, draw a colorful “hint” picture for the word Back of Paper Define the word in 15 words or less Put team members names

Words Assignments Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Words Enlightenment Social Contract 2 Salon State of Nature 3 Locke Natural Rights 4 Hobbes Tabula Rasa 5 Tabula Rasa Hobbes 6 Natural Rights Locke 7 State of Nature Salon 8 Social Contract Enlightenment

What do you know about the situation in Libya?

Salon Musings: Power to the People? Philosopher’s Perspectives What would each philosopher say about the people having power in gov’t? Research Modern Day Perspective Watch CNN Student News Clip Read Transcript Modern Day Perspective For each philosopher, relate the theory to the situation in Libya Summary Which philosopher's stance on the initial question do you feel is the best fit for the situation in Libya? Explain. Start @ 1:14

Voltaire French Philosopher and Writer “I don’t care what you have to say, but please use your right to say it!” Voltaire French Philosopher and Writer Advocate for religious toleration Famous Book: Treatise on Toleration “All men are brothers under God” Championed “deism” Universe is like a clock God= mechanic Mechanic created the universe, set it in motion, and allowed it to run w/o interference according to natural laws

Montesquieu French philosopher Famous book: Governments Spirit of the Laws Three types of Government Governments Republic Small states Despotism Large states Monarchies Middle-sized states

Montesquieu Gave a name to the branches of the British constitutional monarchy Executive= King/Queen Legislative= Parliament Judicial= Courts of Law Government operates best with a “separation of power” and with a system of “checks and balances”

S.S.2: Monday, March 14th On your desk: Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7 and 10) Question of the day: Where is there sexism in the contemporary world, if anywhere?

Mary Wollstonecraft Girl power! Founder of women’s rights for Europeans and Americans Argued women were rational AND capable Famous book: A Vindication of the Rights of Women ID two problems with European thinkers: 1)those who argued men should rule women also argued against gov’t based on the power of kings 2) Women are rational—they are entitled to equal rights Where is there sexism in the contemporary world, if anywhere? Talk about pink collar jobs---decreasing wages---the glass ceiling

Rousseau Most famous of philosophes in the 1760s In Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind: Argued people formed gov’t/laws to protect private property-BUT gov’t enslaves them In Social Contract: Presented the idea of social contract Social contract =society agrees to be governed by general will (what’s best for society) Later Enlighenment 1760s

Men are just naturally better! Rousseau In Emile, he argues education should nurture, NOT restrict children’s natural instincts Believed emotions are important to human development What did the critics say? They criticized him for not practicing what he preached His children were sent to orphanages Believed women naturally subservient to men

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education? Philosopher’s Perspectives What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education? Research Primary Documents: Wollstonecraft, In her own words: Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S. Women are as rational as men Other thinkers should believe women are equal because they argue against brutal oppressors (kings) Women should have rights in education, economic, and political life

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education? Philosopher’s Perspectives What would each philosopher say about the purpose of education? Research Primary Documents: Rousseau, in his own words: Write down the following points about Wollstonecraft’s perspective. Support each stance by writing down a quote from the document under each in the area provided on the W.S. Emotions are important to human development You need to learn skills, practical knowledge, for your adult life Children (who will be men) should be free to learn from experiences

Salon Musings: What’s the purpose of education? Modern Day Perspective For each philosopher, relate the theory to the situation in our public schools. Who is more responsible for education—teachers or parents? Summary Which philosopher's stance on the initial question do you feel is the best fit for the situation with education today?

Wednesday, March 16th: Tuesday, March 16th On your desk: Enlightenment notes (Ch. 7 and 10) Perspectives Packet: Rousseau v. Wollstonecraft Question of the day: Are public schools working? If not, what can be done to fix public schools? Who is to blame (students, parents, or teachers)?

Exit ticket: What contemporary approach to punishing criminals has its roots in the Enlightenment social reform movements?

Adam Smith Scottish Famous Work Wealth of Nations Government needs to stay out of business Laissez-faire Government has 3 roles: Protection from invasion Defense of citizens Keeping up public works Government should be limited to enforcing contracts, granting patents and copyrights to encourage new ideas.

Adam Smith If left alone, the economy would be guided by an “invisible hand” The “hand” works through: Self-Interest Competition Supply and Demand Was concerning with people’s morality when it came to money What would people be willing to give up/ sacrifice to have more things? p. 18 Econ book: introduced the idea that the DOL led to the great prosperity of Britain Defined the wealth of a nation as the sum of the goods produced by its people --wanted to be a philosopher

Salon Musings: Friend Finder Number off 1-7 Locke Hobbes Montesquieu Voltaire Wollstonecraft Rousseau Smith Complete Part 1 on your worksheet

Salon Musings: Speed “Friending Rounds There are 5 rounds, each with a topic question you must answer in a salon You will have 30 sec. to compose a 7 person salon (each figure must be present) Each round lasts 5 min., so share your ideas quickly Write what each figure has to say in their designated box You must explain WHY they think that way! At the end of each round you will have 1 min. to complete the Can we be friends? box

The Enlightenment Through Song Part 1 Complete Part 1 of your worksheet You will hear 3 songs You have the lyrics at your table As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits Give specific lyric evidence to support your claim

Word Walls That Teach! Each table is assigned 1 term from lecture Your job… Front of Paper Print the word in LARGE print Draw a colorful “hint” picture Back of Paper Define the word in 15 words or less Put your name

Words and Table Assignments Group # Words 1 Wollstonecraft 2 Rousseau 3 Adam Smith 4 Invisible Hand 5 Laissez-faire 6 morality 7 8 moralitiy

Enlightenment Through Song: Part ONE Read the instructions for part one. Using your notes and book, you will write down facts about each philosophe in the space provided. You will have 15 minutes.

Enlightenment Through Song Part 2 You will hear 4 songs You have the lyrics at your table As a group, discuss which of the 7 philosophers the song fits Give specific lyric evidence to support your claim

Enlightenment Through Song Three Ring Government-School House Rock Born Free-Andy Williams Let it Be-The Beatles Another Brick in the Wall- Pink Floyd Highway to H***-ACDC Think-Aretha Franklin The Fear-Lily Allen