Hydrocarbon with ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon of two or greater… Found in three physical states 1.Coalsolid 2.Petroleumliquid 3.Syn-fuelssemi viscous 4.Natural Gasgaseous Next to water, it is the most common substance known in the earth’s crust. WHAT ARE FOSSIL FUELS?

The present Biogenic Theory is that: Marine biota collects on the sea floor and decomposes The decomposed organic matter is becomes layered The layers apply increasing pressure to the organic matter The matter continues to break down into hydrocarbons FROM WHERE DO FOSSIL FUELS COME?

The Biogenic theory for the origins is in question due to observations made in recent history 1.Hydrocarbons (Petroleum) have been extracted from earth levels deeper than known marine bed 2.Hydrocarbon compounds are found in space debris where there are no comparable marine environments 3.Hydrocarbons have been observed in river flows and ocean sized basins on Jupiter’s moons An alternative Abiogenic theory posits that hydrocarbons are formed are part of geologic process in deep crust formation, or an atmospheric process of planet development. ALTERNATIVE THEORIES

The simplistic answer is that it is found in specific locations through out the world: Greatest Oil Reserves by Country, 2005 RankCountryProved reserves (billion barrels) 1.Saudi Arabia Canada Iran Iraq Kuwait United Arab Emirates Venezuela Russia Libya Nigeria35.3 WHERE IS FOSSIL FUEL FOUND?

A map might look like this one … A MAP

Nation State Bn ^3m Percent Russia % Iran2815.3% Qatar2614.4% Saudi Arabia 7 3.8% United Arab Emirates 6 3.3% USA 5 2.9% Nigeria 5 2.8% Algeria 4 2.5% Venezuela 4 2.2% Iraq 3 1.7% World Total % WHERE IS NATURAL GAS FOUND?

Nation StateBn tonsPercent 1.USA24727% 2.Russia15717% 3.China11412% 4.India 9210% 5.Australia 78 9% 6.South Africa 49 5% 7.Ukraine 34 4% 8.Kazakhstan 31 3% 9.Poland 14 2% 10.Brazil 10 1% World % WHERE ARE COAL DEPOSITS FOUND?

Oil is found in underground reservoirs surrounded by rocks that folded, faulted or pinched. Courtesy Institute of Petroleum Oil reservoir rocks (red) and natural gas (blue) are trapped by folding (left), faulting (middle) or pinching out (right). A CLOSER LOOK AT OIL

A better question might render a better answer. “How much is the interested party willing to spend to acquire it?” With this question we get a different picture. HOW MUCH OIL IS THERE?

A better map might look like this one … A MAP

Oil Shale2.6 Tn barrels Tar Sands (& Bitumen)3.6 Tn barrels Methane Hydrates 1800 Bn^3 m ALTERNATIVES TO TRADITIONAL PETROLEUM

Non Renewable Energies Nuclear Energy Energy Conservation Renewable Energies Geothermal250 quads Ocean Thermal250 quads Solar Thermal850 quads Biodiesel Farms850 quads Hydroelectric 2000 quads Wind 5000 quads ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS