Macromolecules

Review Element: made of only one atom  Example: C = Carbon Molecule: smallest unit of a substance, 2 or more elements  Example: O 2 = Oxygen Compound: made of 2 or more different types of elements  Example: CO 2 = carbon dioxide

Macromolecules Macromolecules: Large molecules liked together by smaller molecules Organic Compound: Chemical compound that contains carbon atoms 4 Types: CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates: molecules including sugar and starch, release energy  Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen  Examples: Sugars and Starches  Candy, soda, pasta, bread

Carbohydrates Some foods that contain a lot of Carbohydrates PastaBreadPotato

Lipids Lipids: molecules including fats, oils, and waxes, store energy  Help make up the cell membrane  Examples: Fats, Oils, and Waxes  Candles, butter, cooking oil

Lipids Cooking OilsButterCandles Things that contain lipids

Lipids Camel Polar Bear Animal Examples

Lipid Structure Lipids are made of two parts. A glycerol and fatty acids Glycerol Fatty Acids

Protein Protein: large molecules made up of amino acids, your body uses them for growth, repair, transport, and digestion Examples: eggs, fish, meat, nuts – your muscles

Protein Some examples of protein Muscle Meats Note: The meat you eat is just the muscle of some animal. For example, beef is cow muscle. Same

Proteins Proteins are polymers made of amino acids.  Polymer- a molecule composed of many smaller units.  Monomer – the smaller unit contained in a polymer.

Proteins Enzymes, a type of protein, controls the rate of reactions.  -ase means that something is an enzyme  Example: Protease, Lactase, Amylase  Example: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down lactose, a sugar.

Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids: store genetic information about an organism. Examples: DNA RNA

Nucleic Acids DNA

Review Questions Name the four Biomolecules:  Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein, and Nucleic Acid What are Carbohydrates used for?  To store energy for later use What are Nucleic Acids for?  To store genetic information

Review Questions What do lipids do for you?  The store energy and help keep you warm. Give an example of a food where you would find protein.  Any meat

Review Questions Give an example of a food where you would find a lot of carbohydrates.  Potato, bread, pasta, etc Give an example of food with a lot of lipids.  Pizza, butter, any fatty food.