1. What Compounds Do Cells Need?

2. Carbohydrates – Organic Molecule
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Short term energy storage – body uses first
Makes up cell wall and cell membrane
Fruits, breads, pasta, rice, potatoes, candy, and cookies
Examples:
starches - large sugar molecules that store excess energy
glucose (sugar) – body breaks down starches into glucose when eaten; cells use to get energy
cellulose – found in cell walls of plants

3. Proteins – Organic Molecule
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Makes up many cell structures (cell membrane and parts of the organelles)
Responsible for many cell functions
Enzymes – a group of proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Meat, dairy products, fish, nuts, and beans
Examples:
Amylase – an enzyme in saliva that speeds up the digestion of starch
Keratin – provides structural support; found in hair, nails, horns, feathers

4. Lipids – Organic Molecule
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Long term energy storage – body uses last
Makes up most of the cell membrane
Fats, oils, and waxes
Whole milk, ice cream, and fried foods
Examples:
Cholesterol – found in your blood
Phosopholipids – make up cell membrane

5. Nucleic Acids – Organic Molecule
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, protein, and nitrogen
Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life
Red meat, shellfish, mushrooms, and peas
Examples:
DNA – genetic material that carries information about an organism; directs cell functions; found in the cell’s nucleus
RNA – makes proteins

6. Water – Inorganic Molecule
Made of hydrogen and oxygen
Used for many chemical reactions in the cell
Helps cells keep their shape
Regulates cell temperature
Carries substances into and out of cells
About 2/3 of the human body is made of water