US History 10/07 Historical Immigration: Document Activity

Entrance Ticket 10/07 Many private universities depend heavily on , the wealthy individuals who support them with gifts and bequests. (A) instructors (B) administrators (C) monitors (D) accountants (E) benefactors

Essential Questions  How has immigration changed throughout history?  What do today’s immigrants have in common with immigrants who arrived in the 19th and 20th centuries?  What challenges have immigrants faced?

Objectives Students will compare and contrast multiple primary documents. Students will work collaboratively to analyze primary sources.

Agenda 10/07  Essential Terms  Lecture  Primary Source Activity  Debrief Primary Source Activity  Exit Ticket

Essential Terms Primary Source: an artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study.

Other Primary Sources:

Essential Terms Secondary Source: a document or recording that presents information originally presented elsewhere.

How has immigration changed throughout history? Patterns of Immigration

Waves of Immigration 3 Waves of Immigration to the US: 1 st Wave: 1840s-1880s 2 nd Wave: 1880s rd Wave: 1965-present

1 st Wave (1840s – 1880s) Main Groups: Irish, German, English and Scandinavian 1 st wave also included about 300,000 Chinese people  Chinese immigration stopped in 1882 with the Chinese Exclusion Act

2 nd Wave Immigration (1880s-1910)  Like 1 st wave immigrants, mostly poor  More numerous than 1 st wave 1870s: 2.8 million 1880s: 5.2 million : 8.8 million  Arrived from: Eastern Europe, Italy, Russia, Greece, Syria, Mexico + continued coming from 1 st wave countries

Italian immigrants to the US, circa 1915.

2 nd Wave Immigration (1880s-1910)  Many hoped to work in US and return home with wealthy, but vast majority changed their minds and stayed.  Substantial trend of return migration to Asia and Europe

1 st and 2 nd Wave Immigrants Many settled in cities, particularly older, denser areas of cities New York’s Lower East Side Boston’s North End Chicago’s West Side Los Angeles’ East Side

1 st and 2 nd Wave Immigrants  Immigrant enclaves quickly developed Little Italy Bohemiatown  Whole villages came from Italy to neighborhoods in New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago

Hester Street, Lower East Side, New York.

Ethnic Neighborhoods  Important institutions in immigrants’ lives  Supported ethnic businesses, churches, aid organizations, and newspapers  Immigrants developed networks that helped them survive

New York’s Little Italy, circa 1900

TAKE-AWAYS:

Small Group Work: Comparing Primary Documents 30 minutes

Debrief: Primary Source Comparison

Exit Ticket 10/07 What’s the difference between a primary source and a secondary source?