GROSS DEVIATION IN MOOD Mood Disorders
Depression Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. Depression True clinical depression is a mood disorder in which feelings of sadness, loss, anger, or frustration interfere with everyday life for a long period of time.
Depression Cognitive: worthlessness/ guilt, hopelessness, indecisiveness/ concentration, suicidal. Somatic (vegetative): weight/ appetite, sleep (insomnia or hypersomnia), loss of energy/ fatigue, psychomotor agitation
Major Depression - Prevalence 8-18% general population Up to 26% female, 12% male. 1st year undergraduates, 30% dysphoric (minor), 10% clinically depressed.
Bipolar Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with periods of depression. The "mood swings" between mania and depression can be very abrupt. depression
Bipolar Disorders - Prevalence 1% of general population, equal for males and females ( %, %, respectively). 50% of patients with BPD have a parent with BPD. If a parent has BPD, 25-30% of offspring have BPD.
Bipolar – Manic Phase Extreme excitement characterized by hyperactivity and chaotic behaviour -inflated self esteem -restlessness -racing thoughts -trouble staying focused
Bipolar – Depressive Phase Daily low mood Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions Eating disturbances Fatigue or listlessness Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness and/or guilt Loss of self-esteem Sleep disturbances Suicidal thoughts Withdrawal from activities that were once enjoyed Withdrawal from friends
Mood Disorders - Subtypes Seasonal Affective Disorder Excessive sleep, weight gain, carbohydrate craving. Melatonin produced only in dark (winter blues, cabin fever). Postpartum Gotlib et al. (1989) 5% maximum. 50-80% blues within 1-5 days postpartum. 1/1000 psychotic depression or mania within 1-3 days postpartum. More severe reactions predict similar in future births.