1. Bipolar Disorder Research by: Lisette Rodriguez & Selena Nuon

2. What is Bipolar Disorder ? Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. (Manic- depressive illness)

3. Development and Coarse Bipolar disorder is recurrent Manic episodes follow Major Depressive episodes in a characteristic pattern for a particular individual Interval between episodes decrease with age Psychotic symptoms may develop after days or weeks after a nonpsychotic episode

4. Diagnostic Criteria Manic Episode The period in which you are persistently in an irritable mood and an increase in energy- lasts at least a week. This is not due to the physiological effects of a substance nor to another medical condition. \After this episode comes the Hypomanic Episode Hypomanic Episode A continuous elevated/ irritable mood. During the period, a noticeable change from usual behavior becomes a repetitive mood disturbance- observable by others. Some patients may skip this episode and end up in a Major Depressive Episode A distress in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning occurs.

5. Diagnostic Features Hypomania symptoms Feeling unusually “high” and optimistic OR extremely irritable Unrealistic beliefs about one’s abilities or powers Sleeping very little, but feeling extremely energetic Talking so rapidly that others can’t keep up Racing thoughts; jumping quickly from one idea to the next Highly distractible, unable to concentrate Depression symptoms Feeling hopeless, sad, or empty Irritability Inability to experience pleasure Fatigue or loss of energy Appetite or weight changes Sleep problems Concentration and memory problems Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Thoughts of death or suicide

6. Cultural Issues/ Gender Features No reports of differences based on race or ethnicity 10%-15% of adolescents with recurrent Depressive episodes go on to develop Bipolar I Approximately equally common in men and women Males more likely to have Manic episode Females more likely to have Major Depressive

7. Prevalence The 12-month prevalence estimate in the United States was 0.6% for bipolar disorder. Reports show many low-income countries don’t get treatment, only 25.2% of patients said they had any contact with a mental health system A survey of 61,000 patients indicates that 2.4 of the world’s population experience symptoms of bipolar disorder Over 50% of people said symptoms started in their adolescence

8. Differential Diagnosis Major depressive, manic, mixed, and hypomanic episodes must be distinguished from episodes of a Mood Disorder Symptoms may be part of intoxication or withdrawal from drug abuse Is distinguished from Major Depressive Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder

9. Case Study: Vincent Van Gogh Lived in Paris, France Suffered from epilepsy, depression, psychotic attacks, delusions, and bipolar disorder

10. Case Study (cont.) December, 1888 Had a psychotic episode Threatened a friend’s life Cut off a piece of his left ear