Why Do People Migrate? CH 3 KI 3

Migration Migration A change in residence that is intended to be permanent. Emigration-leaving a country. Immigration-entering a country. Little Haiti, Miami, Florida

Why People Migrate Reasons for migrating –Push and pull factors Economic Political Environmental – Intervening obstacles Characteristics of migrants –Gender –Family status

Reasons for Migration Push factors- makes people move from a place Pull factors- attracts people to a place

Political Factors Pull –Freedom, democracy, individual choice –Example: Communist Eastern Europe Berlin Wall

Push –Slavery –Political Instability results from cultural diversity New state creation, borders draws-Wars-Europe/Africa Political Factors

Cultural Factors Refugees Situations Producing Refugees –Conflict –Violence –Humans rights violations –Disasters

Refugees: Sources and destinations Fig. 3-1: Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees.

Refugee –10.6 million worldwide Internally Displaced Person (IDP) –14.7 million worldwide Asylum seekers –838,000

International –Palestinians- Israel –Afghans- USSR/Civil War

Internal –Sudan- Civil War –Columbia- drugs/guerrilla rebels

Economic Factors Push –few job opportunities Pull –Many job opportunities #1 Reason for Migration!!

Example: United States US & Canada (MAJOR DESTINATIONS)

Oh Canad a

Example: Ireland 19 th & 20 th Centuries –Net-out migration to US 1990s Destination Post 2008 Recession –Net out-migration to Europe

Europe’s Migrant Workers Europe –Jobs Low pay, low skill Earn more –Helps Country of Origin Alleviates unemployment Remittances-  stimulates economy –Guest worker programs (1960s) (discontinued Temporary? Europe migrant population percentage ½ of USA

Guest Workers in Europe Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

Asia’s Migrant Workers China –Source of Migrants-40 million –Destination for migrants- Vietnamese –Internal Migration Dwarfs Southwest Asia –Oil producing countries as Destinations –Safe? Worker’s Rights?

Middle East –Fear of unrest & abandonment of Islamic customs –Minimize long term stays, kick people out for political leanings, familial status Fiji – more Indian immigrants than native Fijians –Laws to maintain majority Native Fijians in parliament

Environmental Factors Pull –Attractive environments Mountains, seaside, warm climates Examples: Florida, Spain, US Southwest-Warm Winters Example: Arizona-Desert Climate Push- –Adverse Physical Conditions North Africa- Sahel Region Hurricane Katrina- New Orleans & Gulf Coast “Dust Bowl” 1930’s Oklahoma, USA

Environmental Factors Push –Adverse physical conditions Water- too much or too little Example: New Orleans Example Sahel of Northern Africa