1. Where Are Migrants Distributed?

3. Global migration patterns Net out-migration: Asia, Africa, and Latin America (LDCs) Net in-migration: North America, Europe, and Oceania (MDCs) The United States has the largest foreign-born population

5. Between 1500 and 1950, major global migration flows were influenced largely by: Exploration Looking for spices, fame, dominance Helped map the world Colonization Biggest contributor The Atlantic Slave Trade

6. De blij 3.11 – frq question on this

7. These are Global-scale migration flows- occurring across continents 1.Europe to NA Headed to colonies 2.Southern Europe to South and Central Am Headed to colonies 3.Britain and Ireland to Africa and Australia Headed to colonies 4.Africa to Americas Slave trade 5.India to eastern Africa, Southeast Asia and Caribbean British transporting indentured workers throughout region

8. These are regional migrations to neighboring countries in the same region 6. Southeast China to Southeast Asia Econ Opportunities: Chinese finding work These are National Migrations- within the same country (internal migration, KI 4) 7. Eastern to Western US “Manifest Destiny”- Make the US reach both oceans 8. Western to Eastern Russia Russification of Russia’s massive territory

9. These migration flows are not depicted because of the scale of the map People migrate within regions to neighboring countries to take advantage of short term economic opportunities, reconnect with cultural groups or flee conflict or war (push/pull factors!)

10. Reason why people migrate from one poor country to another: islands of development which are developed cities within an undeveloped country that attract migrants looking for work Chinese migrating from SE China to SE Asia- Huge Chinese minorities in these countries Oil in Nigeria attracts workers from surrounding countries in Africa- migrant workers expelled after oil economy fell

11. Economic Opportunities Islands of Development – Places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated.

12. Jewish people back to Israel Britain encouraged Jews to Migrate back to Palestine (1919-1948) UN partitioned area and established Israel as an indep. state Palestinians fled to surrounding countries, were pushed out of new Israeli territories

13. Refugees- person who fears persecution Internally Displaced Persons (IDP)- within own country Germans flowing from Soviet-controlled East Berlin to West Berlin (Communist to Democratic) Germans leaving for other countries Cubans fleeing Fidel Castro (communist) mostly to Miami The Cuban Airlift Wet foot-dry foot policy

14. During the Marshall Plan, Europe was in need of workers Lost millions of men in WWII Two flows of migration into Western Europe followed: 1.Within European region itself- poor countries of Europe to wealthier ones 2.From outside Europe- North Africa (France), Turkey (Germany), Caribbean, India, Africa (to UK) Economies of home countries rely on remittances of guest workers Affects the ethnic, linguistic and religious mosaic of host country Temples, mosques, stores depicted on cultural landscape

15. Definition is defined by each country Determines if you will be allowed to stay or be sent back, depending on what your reason for coming was Refugees are pushed out of their country because they fear persecution, and pulled towards a country with more freedoms Refugees may be eligible for asylum or denied entry Repatriation- Sending refugees back to country when its safe IDPs- displaced within own country Katrina victims Darfur in Sudan

17. Three main eras of migration Colonial migration from England and Africa Nineteenth-century (1800s) immigration from Europe Recent immigration from LDCs

18. 1700-1840s Slaves from Africa were forced migrants English migrants were mainly voluntary; econ. conditions and religious persecution may have “pushed” them out.

19. US opened doors in 1800s First half of 19 th century: most coming from North and Western Europe Closer to 20 th Cent: most coming from Southern and Eastern Europe White Americans thought peoples from southern Europe were of “darker” skin and considered them inferior Quotas were set to reduce amount of migrants from this region of Europe Ex of selective immigration policies

20. Dips: 1914- WWI, 1930s- Depression In the 500 years since Columbus- 40mil/65 mil European migrants chose US Germany sent most

22. Majority of new immigrants come from: Asia: China, India and the Philippines Latin America: Mexico unofficial leader? Although source countries have changed, the reasons for migrating remain the same: land shortage, rapid pop increase, econ advancement

24. Legacy of European migration Europe’s demographic transition Stage 2 growth pushed Europeans out (too populated) 65 million Europeans emigrate Diffusion of European culture Colonization Language, politics, philosophy, art, etc America has become tied to European cultural traditions

25. Unauthorized immigration 2008 = estimated 11.9 million unauthorized/ undocumented immigrants About 5.4 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force Around 59 percent are undocumented immigrants from Mexico Does unauthorized immigration help or hurt the country?

26. Immigrants are not distributed uniformly across US Destinations California = 1/5 of all immigrants and ¼ of undocumented immigrants New York = 1/6 of all immigrants Florida, Texas Chain migration Going to places where previous migrants are/were located Clusters of immigrants of same nationality

27. Is the US responsible for protecting illegal immigrants from the All-American Canal? Should the US spend money to save the lives of “criminals” trying to cross the Canal? Are the illegal migrants pushed or pulled to the US? Does that place more blame on them or the US because they are “attracted” to the US? Does the fact that we in America benefit from illegal immigrant work make the US responsible? Would the Canal be an intervening obstacle or intervening opportunity? Do you think the US should place safety measures in the Canal? Why/why not?