High Middle Ages The Rise of Culture

Universities Develop Universities began as learning guilds Universities began as learning guilds Learning Guild: Learning Guild: Association of people organized for the purpose of learning & teaching Association of people organized for the purpose of learning & teaching

Universities Develop Limited to subjects such as theology, law & medicine Limited to subjects such as theology, law & medicine Development of Academic Degrees: Development of Academic Degrees: B.A., M.A., Ph.D. B.A., M.A., Ph.D.

Scholasticism Intellectual movement that attempted to reconcile faith & reason Intellectual movement that attempted to reconcile faith & reason Faith: Church teachings Faith: Church teachings Reason: Aristotle’s logic Reason: Aristotle’s logic

Vernacular Literature Vernacular: the language of everyday speech Vernacular: the language of everyday speech Instead of using Latin, people began to speak the language that had developed in their own countries Instead of using Latin, people began to speak the language that had developed in their own countries

Vernacular Literature Gave each kingdom a separate identity Gave each kingdom a separate identity Made literature accessible to more people Made literature accessible to more people

Vernacular Writers Dante Alighieri (13th Century Poet) Dante Alighieri (13th Century Poet) Father of modern Italian Father of modern Italian

Vernacular Writers Divine ComedyDivine Comedy Describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven Describes an imaginary journey from hell to heaven Reflects values of the time & criticizes society Reflects values of the time & criticizes society

Geoffrey Chaucer (14th Century Writer) Geoffrey Chaucer (14th Century Writer) Father of modern English Father of modern English Vernacular Writers

Canterbury TalesCanterbury Tales Describes a group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another while on their way to Thomas Beckett’s shrine Describes a group of pilgrims who tell stories to amuse one another while on their way to Thomas Beckett’s shrine Vernacular Writers

Medieval Architecture

Early Medieval Architecture Romanesque Architecture

Early Architecture Characteristics: Characteristics: Rounded arches Rounded arches Barrel vaults Barrel vaults Thick walls Thick walls Darker, simplistic interiors Darker, simplistic interiors Small windows, usually at the top of the walls Small windows, usually at the top of the walls

Romanesque Floor Plan

St. Filibert, France

Romanesque Cathedral: Interior

Later Medieval Architecture Gothic Architecture

Later Architecture Gothic Style: Gothic Style: Pointed arches Pointed arches Flying buttresses Flying buttresses Stained glass windows Stained glass windows Rose windows Rose windows Elaborate, ornate interior Elaborate, ornate interior Taller, more airy  lots of light Taller, more airy  lots of light Lavish sculpture Lavish sculpture

Later Architecture Gothic Symbolism? Gothic Symbolism? General floor plan in the shape of a cross General floor plan in the shape of a cross With high walls & pointed arches, everything appeared to be pointing towards heaven With high walls & pointed arches, everything appeared to be pointing towards heaven

The Gothic Cathedral

Notre Dame Cathedral Paris

Gothic Floor Plan

Interior of Cathedral

St. Etienne, Bourges “Flying” Buttresses

Flying Buttress

Chartres Cathedral, Paris The “Pillar” People

Cathedral Gargoyles

Stained Glass Windows

Rose Windows

Which Interior?

Which Vault?

Which Exterior?