Cell Structures and Organelles

Cell Membrane Found: All Cells Location: Outer part of the cell Structure: Phospholipid bilayer Fluid, flexible Function/ Purpose: Hold in the cell parts and controls what enters and leaves the cell

Cell Membrane

Cell Wall Found: Plant cell and Prokaryotes Located: outside of the cell membrane. Structure: Rigid cellulose Function: Protects the cell and helps maintain its shape

Cell wall: Along the perimeter.

Cytoplasm (Cytosol) It is found in ALL cells Location: Takes up the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. Fills in the cell Structure: Thick fluid Function: To hold space between organelles.

Nucleus Found: Plant cell and Animal cell (Eukaryotes ONLY) Location: Animal cells- CENTER Plant cells- Off to the corner Structure: Membrane bound circle- Surrounded by envelope Contains Nucleolus and chromatin Function: control cell process and contains DNA

Nuclear Envelope Found: Plant cell and Animal cell Location: surrounding the nucleus Structure: Double membrane dotted with thousand of nuclear pores Function: controls flow of the nucleus into and out of the cell

Nucleolus Found: Plant cell and Animal cell Location: middle of the nucleus Structure: small and dense Function: where ribosomes are made

Chromatin Found: All Cells Location: floating in the nucleus Structure: DNA bound to proteins Function: Genetic material

Nuclear envelope nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Nucleolus chromatin Nuclear Envelope Nucleus

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Found: Plant and Animal cells Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the nucleus Structure: Interconnected tubes. Doesn’t contain any ribosomes Function: Synthesis and transportation of lipids Detoxifies substances

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Found: Plant and Animal cells Location: In the cell’s cytoplasm, just outside the nucleus Structure: Interconnected tubes coated with ribosomes Function: Is the main site of protein synthesis and transportation

Rough ER Smooth ER Rough ER

Ribosome Found: Found in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Location: All around the cell close and far from nucleus and on the rough ER Structure: A tiny round object Function/ Purpose: Site of protein synthesis

Ribosomes

 Structure:  Stack of Flattened sac/ tubes  Can break off sections to move around the cell  Function:  Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for use within the cell or export outside the cell  Found: Both plant and animal cells  Location: Found in the cytoplasm, generally near the ER

Golgi Apparatus

 Found: Animal cell and plant cell(rare)  Located: Throughout the cell  Structure: Bag filled with enzymes  Function: Digests materials (nutrients, old organelles, bacteria)  Suicide cell: If cell is bad, will burst on purpose so enzymes consume the cell

Vacuole Found: In both plant and animal Location: Large center in plants, small and scattered in animals Structure: Simple membrane sac Function/ Purpose: They store food, water, and variety of nutrients Sometimes they store waste products

Vacuole

Cytoskeleton Found: Plant cells and Animal cells, some Prokaryotes Location: Throughout the cell Structure: Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Function/ Purpose: Provides an important structural frame work for cell shape

Centrioles Found: Animal Cells ONLY Location: Near nucleus Structure: Small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way Function: Help with cell division

cytoskeleton centrioles

Cilia Found: Animal cells Location: Outside the Cell Structure: Tiny hair like structures Function/ Purpose: Move liquid past the surface of the cell

Flagella Found: Animal cells and some Prokaryotes Location: Outside the Cell Structure: Tail like structure Function/ Purpose: Whipping motion - propeller

Flagella

Chloroplasts Found: Plant cell ONLY Location: Inside of the cell Structure: surrounded by two membranes inside are large stacks of other membranes, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll Function/ Purpose: capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria Found: Plant cell and Animal cell Location: Throughout the cell Structure: Outer and Inner membrane separated by matrix. Folds of inner membrane are called cristae. Function/ Purpose: produces the energy currency of the cell, ATP and regulates cellular metabolism.