1. Specialized Cell Structures
You will notice on each slide there is an “” bullet. With each class, discuss and choose analogies that are helpful to your particular group of students. Each student does not necessarily have to have the same ; it should be meaningful to them. Due to variations in graphics, you may wish to refer to the research materials your students used for graphics or use large diagrams/posters displayed in the classroom to point out the major structures.

2. Cell Wall Description: Rigid outer layer Outside of cell membrane
Function:
Support
Protection
Helps cell maintain its shape
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

3. Cell Membrane Description:
Outside covering of cell made of lipid bilayer
Function:
Barrier between cell and its environment
Controls what substances can enter or leave the cell
Provides support and protection, especially in cells without a cell wall
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

4. Ribosomes Description: Function: Made of protein and RNA
Very small, spherical shaped
Function:
Make proteins
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

5. Cytoplasm Description:
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles
Function:
Fills space between organelles
Contains materials needed by the organelles
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

6. Flagella Description: Function: Long, thread-like extension of a cell
Helps cell move
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

7. Cilia Description: Short, hair-like projection on the cell surface
Function:
Used to sweep away things from the cell surface or help the cell move through fluid
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

8. Nucleus Description: Function: Core, central portion of cell
Contains genetic information (DNA)
Directs cell activities
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

9. Nuclear Membrane Description: Function:
Double-layer membrane surrounding the nucleus
Function:
Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

10. Nucleolus Description: Function: Round structure within nucleus
Made of protein and RNA
Function:
Makes ribosomes
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

11. Chloroplast Description: Function:
Oval or bean shaped structure with green color
Function:
Helps capture sunlight to produce food (energy) for plants
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

12. Golgi Apparatus Description: Flattened sacs called cisternae Function:
Modifies and packages materials created in the cell for transport (inside or outside of the cell)
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

13. Lysosome Description: Small sacs Function:
Use digestive enzymes to breakdown old/worn-out organelles, viruses or bacteria, and/or food particles
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

14. Mitochondrion Description: Function: Spherical or rod-shaped
Inner and outer membranes
Function:
Converts sugars into ATP (energy) for the cell
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

15. Plastid Description: Function: Double-membrane bound organelle
Involved in food storage; function depends mostly upon which pigments are present
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Description:
System of membranous tubes and sacs with ribosomes on the surface (making it appear rough)
Function:
Helps make and transport new proteins to Golgi apparatus or outside of the cell
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

17. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Description:
System of membranous tubes and sacs
Function:
Makes lipids
Creates and stores steroids
Stores ions that cells might need
Metabolizes carbohydrates
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

18. Vacuole Description: Function:
Sacs: smaller in animal cells, larger in plant cells
Function:
Store a variety of things such as water, nutrients, or waste products
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.

19. Vesicle Description: Function: Small sacs
Stores, transports, or digests materials within the cell
Allow the selected student/group to report first, then share the information on the slide with students. Make sure they know they can add to or modify information on their charts if needed.