I. Nationalism, Industrialism and Imperialism

But First Europe after Napoleon! What was Europe’s Response? A. Conservativism B. Liberalism C. Nationalism

A. Conservatism In Europe after Napoleon 1. Congress of Vienna –Principle of legitimacy rightful monarchs back to their thrones –Prince von Metternich architect of the Congress 2. Concert of Europe –Allied powers would work in harmony to keep the peace and prevent one power from being too dominant. Europe after 1815 Conservatives hoped to return Europe to the pre- revolutionary days

B. Liberalism people should be free from government interference. government should be run by a constitution but NOT in favor of universal male suffrage. Only men of property should have the right to vote. Middle Class industrialists were the primary supporters Adam Smith Louis Philippe, Bourgeois King of France

C. Nationalism 1.Idea that gained popularity due to Napoleon’s dominance 1.Each Nationality should get its own government 1.A Nationality is shared language, beliefs, and customs

A. Italian Unification A. German Unification A. Austria-Hungary and the Balkans

Goals The Rise in Nationalism contributed to the unification of Germany and Italy Not all peoples achieved the goal of establishing their own national states

A. Italian Unification 1. Italy was dominated by Austria and France 2. Kingdom of Piedmont a. PM Camillo Cavour sided with France & Britain in the Crimean War in exchange for French support for Italian Unification b. Giuseppe Garibaldi’s Red Shirts invaded S. Italy and gave it to Cavour in order to unite the country under King Emmanuel II c. Venetia and Rome were won from the Austro- Prussian and Franco- Prussian Wars Unification of Italy

B. Germany Unification 1. Unification of Germany Prussian King William I 3. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck –Architect of unification –Militarism –“The Great Questions of the day are decided by blood and iron.”

B. German Unification (cont) 4. Austro-Prussian War of 1866 –United Northern Germany with Prussia 5. Franco-Prussian War of 1870 –Bismark goaded France –Prussia defeated France –Germany is unified in Jan 1871 –Germany takes Alsace- Lorraine from France The Unification of Germany Took 600 princes to unite Germany

C. Austria-Hungary 1. Compromise of 1867 created a Dual Monarchy – Vienna and Budapest 2. Ethnic tension persisted –Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs all demanding independence Europe 1877

Habsburg –Tragedy of Franz Josef of Austria Wife: Empress Elizabeth assassinated 1898 Son & heir: Archduke Rudolf suicide/murder? 1889 Cousin: Ludwig II of Bavaria suicide/murder? Daughter: Sophia died at age 2 Nephew & heir: Franz- Ferdinand assassinated in 1914 Brother: Emperor Maximilian of Mexico executed Emperor Franz Josef I

D. The Balkans 1. Europe’s Powder Keg 2. Ottoman Domination & Collapse –“The Sick Man of Europe” –Albania & Bosnia convert to Islam 3. Russia Defender of Slavs and Eastern Orthodoxy Balkans

D. The Balkans (cont) 4. Russia and Pan- Slavism was a strong force in the Balkans 5. Congress of Berlin 1878 –What to do with Russia –Romania & Serbia gain independence –Bulgaria is autonomous –Bosnia-Herzegovina administered by Austria- Hungary Balkans How does Russia feel about the Congress of Berlin?

Review How did Italy Unite? How did Germany Unite? What was Austria-Hungary’s problem with Nationalism? Why were the Balkans considered Europe’s Powder Keg?

Answer these Questions #1: When was the last day you used no technology? (TV, Cell Phone, Cars, Computers etc…) #2: What do you believe is the most important technological innovation in the recent years? #3: What does it mean when we say a country is “developed”? #4: What are examples of “underdeveloped” countries?

I. Reasons for Imperialism II. Africa III. Asia IV. Emergence of Japan What is Imperialism? According to Karl Marx, Imperialism is the final stage of Capitalism

I. Reasons for Imperialism Economic: resources & markets Strategic: bases for refueling Prestige “White Man’s Burden”

Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. White Man’s Burden

II. Africa European Nations Carve up Africa Only 2 independent nations by 1900 [Ethiopia and Liberia]

III. Asia - French Indochina [Vietnam] - British Hong Kong, Singapore - Spheres of Influence in China Why would European Nations want to expand influence in China?

IV. Emergence of Japan Emergence of Japan –US Commodore Perry’s visit in 1853 opened Japan’s eyes to modern technology Meiji Restoration 1867 –ended feudalism in Japan –rapid modernization Sino-Japanese War 1895 –Seized Korea and Formosa [Taiwan] from China Russo-Japanese War 1905 –1 st time an Asia nation defeated a European