Character  Character- a person, animal, or imaginary creature that takes part in the action of a story  Main character- the most important character or characters of a story  Protagonist- the main character  Minor character- less important characters in the story (you don’t know much about them)  Antagonist- the person or thing working against the main character

Character Continued  Characterization- the techniques an author uses to develop the personality of a character by describing the 1)physical appearance and personality, 2) speech, behavior, and actions, 3) thoughts and feelings, and 4) interactions with other characters  Round Character- a character that has been developed fully using characterization  Flat Character- a character that has not been developed fully  Dynamic characters- a character who changes from the beginning of the story to the end  Static characters- a character who stays the same though the story

Plot  Plot- the action or sequence of events in a story  Exposition- the first part of the plot where the author establishes the setting and introduces the characters  Setting- the time and place in which the action of the story occurs  Rising action- the series of conflicts or struggles that build a story toward its climax. The inciting incident is the first event.  Climax-the high point or turning point of a story  Falling action- the action that works out the decision arrived at during the climax (wraps up the loose ends)  Resolution- the ending of the story

Conflict  External conflict- the problem or struggle between two opposing characters in a story  Internal conflict - the problem or struggle a character has within his or her mind  Types of Conflicts: Character vs. character- Problem with another character Character vs. supernatural- Problem with God or a supernatural being Character vs. fate- Problem that is uncontrollable Character vs. society- Problem with the laws or beliefs of a group of people Character vs. nature- Problem with the environment Character vs. self- Problem with yourself, such as trying to make a decision Character vs. technology- Problem with a machine that has artificial intellegence

Author’s Craft 1  Flashback- an interruption in a chronological narrative that tells about something that happened before that point in the story  Foreshadowing-a hint or suggestion of something to come  Suspense- the feeling an author creates by making the reader wonder the outcome of an event  Mood-the feeling a reader gets from a piece of literature

Author’s Craft 2  Point of view- the relationship of the narrator, or storyteller, to the story  First Person- a character is telling a story  Third Person- a narrator is telling the story Omniscient Third Person- the narrator tells everything including the thoughts of characters Limited Omniscient Third Person- the narrator tells only the thoughts of one character Dramatic Third Person- the narrator only tells the characters speech and actions

Author’s Craft 3  Situational irony- when the outcome of a situation is opposite of what was expected  Verbal irony- when a person says one thing and means another  Dramatic irony- when the reader or other characters know more than a character

Author’s Craft 4  Symbolism- the use of images to represent more that the literal object  Theme- the statement about life the author wants to make

Figurative Language  simile- a comparison of two unlike ideas using the words like or as.  metaphor- a comparison of two unlike ideas not using like or as  personification- to give animals and inanimate object human characteristics  imagery- descriptive language that appeals to the five senses  alliteration- repetition of beginning consonant sound for effect  assonance- repetition of beginning vowel sounds for effect  onomatopoeia- words that represent the sounds  idiom- an expression if taken literally means something other than figuratively  hyperbole- an exaggeration or overstatement