From yesterday

Activity  Groups  Each group will research an aspect of the Stone Age.  Tools  Language  Clothes  Animals  Family Structure

Let’s share!!  Each group will share what it discovered about its topic

Did your stone age look like this???  Flintstones - Opening and Closing Credits - YouTube Flintstones - Opening and Closing Credits - YouTube

Moving from the old stone age…  Into the new stone age!!  It’s called the Neolithic Era

Characteristics of Neolithic Era  Advances in  Toolmaking  Food

Nomads  People lived as nomads, by hunting & gathering…and then they learned to farm

Neolithic Revolution  Historians call this shift to farming NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION  Ice Age over-new plants & animals show up-like barley and wheat

Gathering Food  So people can now GATHER food instead of constantly searching for new sources and  Now they begin to practice domestication-the selective growing or breeding of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans

Dog is a man’s best friend!

Agriculture Changes Society  World population grew. Why?  Some began to live as nomadic pastoralists-people who ranged over wide areas & kept herds of livestock on which they depended for food & other items

Early Farming Societies  Lived close together  Houses-mud bricks or other materials  Raised crops & livestock  Villages & towns emerged

Early Farming Societies  Trade increases!  Differences in social status emerges  More formalized religion  Megaliths show up

Megaliths  Huge stones-built as monuments for burial or spiritual purposes

Stonehenge  Secrets of Stonehenge (1/4) – YouTube Secrets of Stonehenge (1/4) – YouTube  Secrets of Stonehenge (2/4) - YouTube Secrets of Stonehenge (2/4) - YouTube

New Technologies  Tools were developed  Around 6000 BCE people began to use animals-like cows-to pull plows  Clay used to make pottery

Catal Huyuk In modern day Turkey

Otzi the Iceman

The Bronze Age is Coming  Sheep & goats provided wool-making garments & blankets  Metal began being used-first copper & then bronze-a mix of copper & tin making stronger objects  So enters the Bronze Age-around 3000 BCE in some areas, later in others

Activity  Now take your research on the stone age & do research on the Bronze Age. Let’s compare and contrast.

Section 3 Foundations of Civilization

From Villages to Cities  Gradual transition  New methods of farming were developed  Development of irrigation systems was VERY important  Surplus-excess-was produced

Changing Economies  Fewer people needed to farm  So other jobs developed-like tool making and weapons, weavers, potters, religious leaders  Division of labor- economic arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job-was developed

Characteristics of Cities  Some villages grew into cities  Larger & more densely populated  Uruk is the first known city-between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in today’s Iraq  3000 BCE  40,000-50,000 people

Cities  Populations were more diverse-more people were unrelated  More formal organization than villages  Defined center  Temples  Monuments  Govt buildings  marketplaces

Cities  Defined boundaries- defensive walls  Centers of trade  Merchants & farmers from surrounding villages traveled to city markets to exchange goods

First Civilizations  Formed from early cities  Define civilization-  A complex and organized society  From fertile river valleys

Fertile River Valleys  Tigris & Euphrates in Southwest Asia

Fertile River Valleys  The Nile in Africa

Fertile River Valleys  Indus in South Asia

Fertile River Valleys  Huang He (Yellow River) in China

Fertile River Valleys  Rivers flooded  Religions developed differently  Violent & unpredictable floods created more violent gods  Regular flooding created more predictable, less violent gods

Characteristics of Early Civilizations  Developed cities  Examples include:  Ur and Uruk near Tigris and Euphrates  Memphis on the Nile  Mohenjo Daro on the Indus River  Anyang near Huang He

Characteristics Contd  Organized Government  Formalized Religion  Specialization of Labor  Artisans showed up-skilled craftspeople  Basketry  Carpentry  Metalwork  pottery

Characteristics Contd  Social Classes  Rulers, priests, and nobles  Merchants and artisans  Farmers and unskilled workers (majority)  Enslaved people

Characteristics Contd  Record Keeping and Writing  Record keeping in Sumer used clay tokens & pouches  Systems of writing developed about 5,000 years ago  Picture symbols  Then abstract symbols

Characteristics Contd  The Arts

Change in Civilization  Expansion and Warfare  Spread of people & ideas  Cultural Diffusion-spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another  Environmental Influences  Floods & other natural disasters