1. Chapter Three Section TWO
The Agricultural Revolution

2. Warm Up Video- Followed by warm up questions-
According to the video how might agriculture have begun?
How did this discovery change the way humans lived?

3. PG 62 Neolithic times Neolithic Age
After the last Ice Age- temps rose- people moved to find mild climates and fertile land
People began staying in one place to grow crops- farming replaced hunting and gathering- people began to domesticate animals
~ These changes were the start of the Neolithic Age- lasted from 8000BC to around 4000BC- also called the New Stone Age
The real shift to the New Stone Age was the start of systematic agriculture
Neolithic Age

4. PG 63
Big Changes
Settled farming was called the Agricultural Revolution
Humans lived differently once they learned to grow their own food
They produced a constant supply of food- the population grew- they gave up the nomad life
Some historians consider the Agricultural Revolution the most important event in human history.

5. PG 64
8000BC people in SW Asia began to grow wheat and barley and domesticate pigs, cows, goats, and sheep
By 4000BC farming was an established economic activity
The Nile River began growing barley and wheat around 6000BC- farming spread along the Nile and central Africa
China began growing millet and domesticating dogs and pigs in 6000BC
Farmers in SW Asia began growing rice in 5000BC which spread to southern China
Between 7000 and 5000BC people in Mexico were growing corn, squash, and potatoes and domesticating dogs and chickens.
Widespread Farming

6. Life in the Neolithic age
PG 65
Life in the Neolithic age
Neolithic Communities
People built permanent homes and villages near water sources.
~SW Asia had the biggest and earliest known communities.
One of the oldest communities was Jericho- near present day Israel and Jordan.
Jericho was well established by 8000BC- spread across several acres- and was surrounded by thick walls

7. PG 66
Catalhuyuk- in present day Turkey was another well- known Neolithic community
It existed between 6700 and 5700BC and covered 32 acres and housed about 6000 people
People entered these homes through holes in the roofs
Catalhuyuk also had shrines decorated with paintings-showed the importance of religion
Farmers grew on land outside the community- people grew their own food and raised their own livestock-they got more food from the marshes and some still hunted.
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8. PG 66 Benefits of Settled Life
Settles life provided security- steady food- better health- population growth- more workers and an abundant amount of food for the people.
People learned a specialized trade
These specific jobs included skilled workers, weapon makers, jewelers, pottery makers, cloth makers, and even basket weavers

9. PG 67
The craftsmen and farmers exchanged (traded) what they made for things that they did not have or could not make themselves.
In settlements, men worked the fields, herded animals, protected the village and became family/community leaders.
Women bore the children, stayed in the village, wove cloth, made clothing, managed the food supplies, and performed other tasks.
The large population growth in settlements caused a shortage of resources leaving people to abandon many settlements.
(Pg 67 continued on next slide)

10. PG 67 End of the Neolithic Age
Technological advancement from the Neolithic Age- better farming tools (hoes, sickles and millstones), metal work (copper), and metal tools.
Western Asia people mixed copper and tin to form bronze
Bronze was stronger than copper and widely used from 3000 to 1200BC- a period known as the Bronze Age.

11. PG 68 Civilizations Emerge Cities and government
Complex cultures developed- civilizations developed in communities- 4 great civilizations developed around 3000BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China.
Civilizations developed cities and formed governments
Civilizations developed near water and fertile land
Rivers encouraged trade
People formed governments to protect themselves and their supplies
First governments were monarchies led by a king or queen
Governments created armies, made laws, and managed food supplies and building projects.
Cities and government

12. PG 69 Religion Social Structure
Religions grew to help people explain their lives
Early people believed gods were responsible for the communities survival.
Priests performed religious ceremonies
Rulers said their powers came from the gods
People in society organized into groups
Peoples types of work and amount of wealth defined these groups
Highest class- rulers, priests, warriors, and government officials
Middle class- free people- farmers, artisans, and craftspeople
Bottom class- enslaved people- slave class

13. PG 69 Writing and Art Writing was developed to pass on information
Early writing was symbols not letters
Used writing to keep records and preserve stories
Created art for practical and enjoyment purposes
Much of art and architecture revolved around religious beliefs.