1. Chapter 1
Civilization

2. Rewind: Neolithic Revolution
Paleolithic Age
Ice Age
Nomads
Hunter/gathers
Neolithic Revolution
Farming = permanent settlements
MORE FOOD = MORE PEOPLE!!!!

4. The Nomads Not everyone “permanent” Slash and burn agriculture
Farm intensively until soil deplete then move
Tribal bands
Herding peoples
“Barbarians”, “Savages”

5. Advantages of Agriculture
Improvements
Middle East, China, parts of Africa, and India
Irrigation
Encouraged large settlements
Defense

6. Catal Huyuk Neolithic village Unusually large Religion Trade
Southern Turkey
Founded 7000 B.C.E.
Unusually large
Lots of houses, few windows
Lived on rooftops
Religion
Devoted to Agriculture
Trade
5500 B.C.E.
Skilled toolmakers and jewelers developed
Government
Ruled over small communities
Cities developed
Kings
Civilization
3000 B.C.E.

7. Characteristics of Civilization
From the Latin word City
Five Features
Cities
Job Specialization
Complex Institutions
Record Keeping
Advanced Technology

8. The Rise of Cities The main feature of Civilizations are cities.
The word civilization comes from the Latin word for city
A city is not just distinguished by population
Should be a center of trade for a larger area
The first cities arose around river valleys.
The water brought nutrients (silt), to the lands near the river when it flooded, making lands near the river fertile. When farmed properly, fertile lands produced food surpluses, or extra food.

10. Job Specialization
With food surpluses many people could do other occupations beside farming
Called specialized workers
Example: metal working, weaving, masonry, public entertainers
Scribes
kept account of the material wealth for the ruler and other wealthy people
1st written language was cuneiform
Developed in Sumer around 3000 B.C.E.

11. Social Classes
One effect of job specialization was the creation of a hierarchy
Hierarchy:
People became ranked according to their job as societies became bigger
Example:
1. Priest
2. Merchants
3. Artisans
4. Farmers

12. Complex Institutions Government
In order to feed large amounts of people centralized control was necessary
The more people there were, more laws were needed, more taxes, more royal officials (police), government departments
Creation of the first City-States, a political unit consisting of a city and surrounding lands usually lead by one ruler.

13. Complex Institutions Religion Early civilizations were polytheistic
Became a formal institution
Temple became center of city life
Early civilizations were polytheistic
they worshiped many gods
The favor of the gods was needed so that their civilization could be successful
Full time priests were employed to make sacrifices to the gods, and chart the heavens for times to plant.

14. Record Keeping
As civilizations grew, writing was necessary for people to know laws, and keep account of items
Ability to send messages
Keep records
With this a new occupation arose (Scribes)
Tax more efficiently
Make contracts and treaties
More organization
Eventually people began to write for other reasons

15. Advanced Technology
New tools and techniques emerged as ways to solve problems
Irrigation created to deal with droughts
To ensure order and safety civilizations built roads, bridges, fortified walls, built dams and dikes to hold water.
In complex civilizations arts flourished to give the people a sense of security, civic pride and the power of their civilization. New job of Artisans.
Artisans relied on new technology as well
Potter’s wheel
Creation of Bronze
Around 3000 B.C.E.
Called the “Bronze Age” k

16. Four Centers of Civilization
Middle East
Tigris-Euphrates
Egypt
Nile River
Kush
India
Indus River Valley
China
Yellow River Valley

17. Partner Work Using the following slide, fill out your chart
Be sure to fully answer the question (Does Sumer meet the criteria of a civilization) on the BACK of your chart
Both charts must be filled out

18. Civilization? Ur was one of the earliest cities in Sumer
Located on the banks of the Euphrates River (Southern Iraq)
Characteristics
Agriculture
The people of Ur created irrigation ditches to water their fields in the dry climate
Government officials help plan and direct this public works project
City Life
Ur was a walled city
Majority of people lived within walls
The market and artisans were located within the wall
Such as metal workers
Trade
City dwellers traded for goods using a barter system
Exchange of goods
Religion
The temple was Ur’s most important building (Ziggurat)
Scribes recorded religious rituals on cuneiform tablets