1. Civilization
Chapter 1 Sec 3

2. Setting the Stage
Agriculture marked a dramatic change in how people lived together.
They began dwelling in larger, more organized communities, such as farming villages and towns.
From some of these settlements, cities gradually emerged, forming the backdrop of a more complex way of life— civilization.

3. Quick Review: Neolithic Revolution
Some hunters & gatherers were advanced, but were never able to develop complex societies because they had to migrate to find food
Early humans were nomadic hunters & gatherers & had to move around to find their food

4. Quick Review: Neolithic Revolution
Farming changed the way humans lived:
Around 8,000 B.C., the Neolithic Revolution occurred & early humans discovered how to farm & domesticate animals
People no longer had to be nomads
Food surpluses led to population increases
Farming villages became established along river valleys for their good soil & irrigation

5. Neolithic Revolution: Spread of Agriculture

6. Villages Grow into cities
Agriculture Causes Change
The farming success during the Neolithic periods led to the creation of larger communities
The change from a nomadic hunting-gathering way of life to settled village life took a long time.
Likewise, the change from village life to city life was a gradual process that spanned several generations.

7. Villages Grow into cities
Economic Changes
- Ancient people build irrigation systems to increase food production
- Food surpluses free some people to develop new skills
- Craftspeople make cloth, objects; traders profit from exchange of goods
- Invention of wheel and sail enable traders to travel longer distances

8. Villages Grow into cities
Social Changes
A more complex and prosperous economy affected the social structure of village life
- social classes with varying wealth, power, and influence began to emerge
Religion becomes more organized
- farming peoples worshiped the many gods and goddesses who they believed had power over the rain, wind, and other forces of nature

9. How Civilization Develops
Most historians believe that one of the first civilizations arose in Sumer, located in Mesopotamia, (part of modern Iraq).
A civilization is often defined as a complex culture with five characteristics:
1 - advanced cities
2 - specialized workers
3 - complex institutions
4 - record keeping
5 - advanced technology

10. Around 3,000 B.C., some farming villages became complex civilizations.
Brainstorm: What characteristics are needed to makes people a “civilization”?
(Use following slides to complete Civilization in Sumer Graphic Organizer)
Neolithic Revolution ?
Advanced cities

11. Characteristics of Civilizations? ? ? ? ?

12. Civilizations must have cities that are centers of trade for large areas. Farmers, Merchants, Traders brought goods to city markets

13. Civilizations must have technologies(tools & techniques)that make their lives easier & solve problems for large groups of people living together

14. Civilizations must have record keeping (system of writing) in order to keep records of taxes, laws, religious calendars or trade

15. Civilizations require specialized workers such as traders, gvt officials, & priests
Specialization: the development of skills in a specific type of work

16. Civilizations must have complex institutions (a long-lasting pattern of organization in a community) like government & religion to keep order

17. Case Study: UR IN SUMER
To end this section, complete the Ur in Sumer case study